摘要
社会工作是在科学理论指导下的实践活动。纵观历史,它的理论经历了由"单向决定论"到"双向互构论"的演变。"单向决定论"包括个人决定论和社会决定论。前者具有还原论的倾向,过分强调个体的能动性,将个人不幸的根源归咎于其自身,继而强调个人治疗;后者属于整体论的范畴,过分凸显社会结构的制约性,将个人困扰归因于结构安排,并因此主张社会变革。1970年代以来,系统论进入社会工作后,超越了还原论和整体论的二元对立。系统论指导下的社会工作确立了"人在环境中"的理念,强调个人与社会之间的相互影响和建构,即"双向互构论"。该视角衍生出了综融取向的实践模式,它兼顾个人与环境系统的双重干预,介入的目标涵盖个人、家庭、社区、组织、制度等各个层面。
The development logic of social work theories is from unidirectional determinism to bidirectional constructivism.To be more specifically,unidirectional determinism is consisted of individual and social orientation,the former is reductionism-oriented.Since 1970 s,the dualism between reductionism and holism had been overcame after system theory came into social work.The generic practice mode had been introduced since social work accepted bidirectional constructivism.This new mode treats individual and environment as of equal importance,and emphasizes dual intervention on clients and their surroundings that includes family,community,organization,institution,etc.
作者
李伟
杨彩云
LI Wei;YANG Caiyun(College of Social Development,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225002,China;College of Humanities and Communication,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)
出处
《华东理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期48-54,73,共8页
Journal of East China University of Science and Technology：Social Science Edition
基金
教育部人文社科项目青年基金"社会工作中个人治疗与社会变革的争议及整合研究"(项目编号:19YJC840018)的阶段性成果
关键词
社会工作
单向决定论
个人决定论
社会决定论
双向互构论
social work
unidirectional determinism
individual determinism
social determinism
bidirectional constructivism
作者简介
李伟(1987-),男,扬州大学社会发展学院讲师,博士,研究方向为社会工作理论、社会工作史;杨彩云(1987-),女,上海师范大学人文与传播学院副教授,博士,研究方向为社区矫正。
