摘要
为筛选性能优良的氟污染酸性土壤改良剂,选择了11种代表性矿物类、工业副产品类及商品类等含钙、镁的无机改良剂,分析其中和土壤酸度、降低可溶性氟和提高土壤养分含量的效果,并运用土壤质量指数法(SQI)对不同改良剂降低土壤酸度、控制氟污染的综合效果进行定量评价。结果表明,改良剂的酸中和能力可用其酸中和容量评价,其中起酸度中和作用的最主要成分为方解石、白云石等碳酸盐以及易溶的硅酸盐、磷酸盐等成分,这些改良剂提高土壤pH的同时可显著降低土壤可溶性铝、交换性铝和可溶性氟的含量,其中提高土壤pH至近中性更有助于可溶性氟与钙、镁离子形成共沉淀。但改良剂中若存在易溶的硫酸盐、氯化盐,特别是本身含氟时,不利于降低土壤可溶性氟含量,甚至促进可溶性铝氟络合物的形成,增加铝毒害的环境风险。无机改良剂可不同程度提高土壤有效性钾、钙、镁和磷等矿质养分的含量,其提升效果主要与改良剂本身这些养分的含量呈正相关。综合评价改良剂降酸控氟效果,发现石灰石、风化煤、硅灰石、硅钙镁改良剂和白云石等5种无机改良剂是氟污染酸性土壤治理的较优选择。
Soil acidification has become a significant factor constraining the sustainable development of agriculture and ecological safety.The dual challenges of soil acidity and fluoride contamination commonly coexist in the acidic soils of southern China.Although amendments applied to remediate soil acidity and those used to mitigate fluoride contamination share similarities,few amendments are highly effective at simultaneously addressing both issues.Therefore,in this study,we aimed to evaluate and identify effective inorganic amendments capable of concurrently remediating acidity and fluoride contamination in acidic soils.Eleven representative inorganic amendments—including minerals,industrial by-products,and commercial materials rich in calcium and magnesium—were selected for this study.Their effectiveness was investigated through indoor incubation experiments for assessing their capacity to neutralize soil acidity,reduce soluble fluoride levels,and enhance soil nutrient availability.The soil quality index(SQI)was employed as a quantitative parameter to evaluate each amendment’s comprehensive efficiency in decreasing soil acidity and soluble fluoride levels,while increasing mineral nutrient content.The results indicated that these inorganic amendments could reduce soil acidity to varying degrees,and their ameliorative effects were primarily determined by their acid-neutralizing capacity.Notably,the pH of the amendments,which serves as an indicator of their acidity or alkalinity,did not accurately reflect their acid-neutralizing capacity.The primary components contributing to the neutralization of soil acidity included carbonates such as calcite and dolomite,as well as easily dissolved silicates and phosphate minerals.These amendments not only increased soil pH but also significantly reduced the contents of soluble aluminum,exchangeable aluminum,and soluble fluoride.Additionally,using a 0.01 mol·L^(-1) CaCl_(2) solution to measure soil pH eliminated ionic strength effects,offering a more accurate reflection of the actual effectiveness of amendments in alleviating soil acidity.The effectiveness of inorganic amendments in mitigating fluoride contamination depended on their ability to increase soil pH and was further influenced by their soluble salt content.Elevating the soil pH to neutral facilitated the coprecipitation of soluble fluoride with calcium or magnesium ions supplied by the amendments,thereby effectively reducing fluoride availability.Nevertheless,amendments with soluble sulfates and chlorides—particularly those containing fluoride—were not effective in decreasing soluble fluoride contents and may promote the formation of soluble aluminum-fluoride complexes,thereby intensifying the environmental risk of aluminum toxicity.Furthermore,all amendments increased the availability of soil mineral nutrients such as potassium,calcium,magnesium,and phosphorus to different degrees,and these nutrient increments were dependent on the corresponding nutrient content in the amendments.A comprehensive evaluation based on SQI values revealed that limestone,weathered coal,wollastonite,silicon-calcium-magnesium conditioners,and dolomite were particularly effective in remediating fluoride-contaminated acidic soils.Conversely,attapulgite,biomass ash,alkali slag,and the commonly used calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer were unsuitable for remediation purposes in such soils.The findings of this study provide valuable technical guidance for the effective management of multiple constraints—including acidity,aluminum toxicity,and fluoride contamination—in acidic soils,thereby promoting soil quality restoration and sustainable agricultural development.
作者
何心倩
张周
时仁勇
李九玉
俞元春
徐仁扣
HE Xinqian;ZHANG Zhou;SHI Renyong;LI Jiuyu;YU Yuanchun;XU Renkou(Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China/College of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,Nanjing 211135,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》
北大核心
2025年第11期2128-2138,共11页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900604)
国家自然科学基金项目(42177300,41877102)资助。
关键词
氟污染酸性土壤
土壤酸度
可溶性氟
无机改良剂
fluoride-contaminated acidic soil
soil acidity
soluble fluoride
inorganic amendments
作者简介
通信作者:李九玉,从事土壤酸化机制和调控原理研究,E-mail:jyli@issas.ac.cn;通信作者:俞元春,主要从事土壤环境研究,E-mail:ycyu@njfu.edu.cn;何心倩,主要从事酸性土壤改良研究。E-mail:xinqian_he@foxmail.com。
