摘要
本研究针对海南豇豆(Vigna unguiculata)生产中植株徒长、病虫害频发及品种抗逆性不足等问题,开展化学—物理协同防控技术与品种适应性综合评价。在全围网防虫网设施下,系统评价8个主栽品种的生长特性与产量表现。结果表明,‘苏豇8号’始花期最早,‘苏豇12号’嫩荚重最高(33.28 g),‘热豇2号’与‘南豇1号’叶片鲜重达较高水平,分别为1.8 g和2.0 g;设置磷酸二氢钾、“爱苗+磷酸二氢钾”、敌力脱3种处理开展控旺压苗,其中,“爱苗+磷酸二氢钾”控旺处理在抑制株高、提升产量等方面效果最佳,嫩荚增重37.64%、增长20.28%,单次采收条数增长61.34%;不同的密度试验中4粒·穴^(−1)的播种密度利于平衡种内竞争与互助,嫩荚重最高(32.87 g),单次采收252条。田间主要害虫蓟马危害程度存在品种差异,其中对‘热豇2号’与‘南豇1号’危害最轻。不同播种密度下,穴播4粒时蓟马危害程度最低。豇豆锈病呈持续加重趋势,在4月初(豇豆生长后期)达到发病高峰。本研究构建的协同防控体系与品种适配模型,为海南豇豆产业提质增效提供了技术支撑。
Chemical-physical synergistic control and comprehensive adaptability evaluation of cowpea varieties(Vigna unguiculata)were carried out in an attempt to solve the problems of excessive vegetative growth,frequent occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests,and insufficient stress resistance of cowpea varieties in Hainan cowpea production.Under the full-enclosure insect-proof net facilities,the growth characteristics and yield performance of 8 main cultivated cowpea varieties in Hainan were systematically evaluated.The results showed that cowpea variety'Sujiang 8'had the earliest initial flowering stage,that'Sujiang 12'had the highest fresh pod weight(33.28 g),and that'Rejiang 2'and'Nanjiang 1'had relatively high fresh leaf weights of 1.8 g and 2.0 g,respectively.Three treatments including potassium dihydrogen phosphate,“Aimiao+potassium dihydrogen phosphate”,and“Dilituo”were set up for vegetative growth control and seedling suppression.Among them,the treatment“Aimiao+potassium dihydrogen phosphate”had the best effects on inhibiting plant height and improving yield,with a 37.64%increase in tender pod weight,a 20.28%increase in tender pod length,and a 61.34%increase in total count per harvest.In different density trials,the sowing density of 4 seeds per hill was conducive to balancing intraspecific competition and mutualism,with the highest tender pod weight(32.87 g)and 252 pods harvested per picking.There were varietal differences in the damage severity of thrips,the main field pest.Cowpea varieties‘Rejiang 2'and‘Nanjiang 1'were the least infested with thrips.Under different sowing densities,the sowing density of 4 seeds per hole was the lowest in damage severity.Cowpea rust showed a continuous aggravation trend and reached the disease peak in early April(the late growth stage of cowpea).The synergistic control system and variety adaptation model constructed in this study provide technical support for quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of the cowpea industry in Hainan.
作者
张思卿
袁冬福
陈建文
邢诚
张斌
牛玉
李芬
吴少英
ZHANG Siqing;YUAN Dongfu;CHEN Jianwen;XING Cheng;ZHANG Bin;NIU Yu;LI Fen;WU Shaoying(Sanya Nanfan Institute,Hainan University,Sanya,Hainan 572025,China;School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China;Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China/Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Sanya Extension Service Center for Agricultural Technology,Sanya 572025,Hainan,China)
基金
“崖州湾”菁英人才科技专项项目(SCKJ-JYRC-2023-15)
海南省冬季瓜菜产业技术体系(HNARS2023-3-G5)。
关键词
豇豆
品种筛选
控旺技术
病虫害发生情况
豇豆生长发育情况
播种密度
Vigna unguiculata
variety screening
excessive growth control
occurrence and damage of plant diseases and insect pests
growth and development of cowpea
sowing density
作者简介
第一作者:张思卿(2001-),男,海南大学热带农林学院2023级硕士研究生。E-mail:zsq010416@163.com;第一作者:袁冬福(2001-),男,海南大学热带农林学院2024级硕士研究生。E-mail:18287704274@163.com;通信作者:牛玉(1983-),男,副研究员,硕士,研究方向:蔬菜遗传育种方向。E-mail:niuyulong108@163.com;通信作者:李芬(1985-),女,副教授,博士,研究方向:昆虫毒理与生理生化方向。E-mail:fenli@hainanu.edu.cn;通信作者:吴少英(1980-),女,教授,博士,研究方向:昆虫毒理与生理生化方向。E-mail:wsywsy6000@hainanu.edu.cn。
