论知识产权定义、人为稀缺性和对财产的赋权

On the Definition of Intellectual Property,Artificial Scarcity and Bestowment of Right to Property

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摘要当前,知识产权“激进赋权”的现象愈发严重,这一现象忽视了制度本身的局限性和对市场发展应有的谦抑,尤其缺乏对不应过度压缩社会公益和公共资产的平衡考量。这些问题或许源于对“知识产权”名称本身、“智力劳动成果”定义、“人为稀缺性”等根本性概念的认识存在偏差。从比较法和国际公约的视角来看,知识产权制度是对智力创作而非“智力劳动成果”的激励与保护;知识产权保护是基于公共政策形成和演化的制度,赋予权利人取得对自己的创作或发明在其权利范围内可从事“控制性传播”的机会,与是否可以一并从中获得经济利益没有必然联系,尤其在当前的时代环境下;“财产”“财产权”与“价值”三者间不具有必然关联性,具有经济利益或价值的事物未必当然享有或应赋予某种产权,获得知识产权的作品或发明创造也不必然会获得经济利益或财产价值。知识产权保护是一个微妙的动态平衡体系,应寻求给予权利人“有效及适当”的保护,而不是盲目加大执法力度或激进扩张知识产权范围。 The current phenomenon of"aggressive right-granting"in intellectual property rights(IPRs)has become increasingly severe,ignoring the limitation of the system itself and the need to be humble in dealing with a dynamic market,particularly in balancing with the already overly-compressed public interest and public goods.These issues may stem from misconceptions regarding fundamental concepts such as the very term"intellectual property"(IP),the definition of"fruits of intellectual labor",and"artificial scarcity".From the perspectives of comparative law and international norm(multilateral conventions and treaties),the IP system is designed to stimulate and protect intellectual creation,not"fruit of intellectual labors".IP protection is a system formed and evolved based on public policy,granting right holders the opportunity to engage in"controlled diffusion"of their own creations or inventions within the scope of their rights,which is not necessarily linked to whether economic benefits can be derived therefrom,especially in the current era.There is no inherent connection among"property""property rights"and"value".Things possessing economic benefit or value does not necessarily deserved to be granted a property right.Conversely,for anything being granted an IP right does not automatically bestow any economic benefit or property value.The IP regime is an intricate system in need of dynamic balancing,with the goal of rendering"effective and adequate"protection to the right holders,rather than by insatiably strengthening enforcement or aggressively expanding the scope of IPRs.

作者孙远钊 Sun Yuanzhao

机构地区暨南大学知识产权学院北京大学知识产权学院

出处《知识产权》北大核心 2025年第10期19-42,共24页 Intellectual Property

关键词智力创作智力劳动稀缺性财产赋权占有 intellectual creation intellectual labor scarcity bestowment of right to property possession

分类号 D913 [政治法律—民商法学]

作者简介孙远钊,暨南大学知识产权学院原特聘讲座教授,北京大学知识产权学院原访问教授。