摘要
为探究强筋小麦春季适宜的水氮管理时间和施氮量,本研究以黄淮麦区南片国审强筋小麦品种新麦45为研究对象,采用裂区试验设计安排田间试验,主区设置拔节期(W1)、拔节后7 d(W2)、拔节后14 d(W3)3个水肥管理时间,灌水量均为60 mm;副区设置150.0 kg/hm^(2)(N1)、187.5 kg/hm^(2)(N2)和225.0 kg/hm^(2)(N3)3个施氮水平(纯N),共计9个水氮供应模式,分析比较不同处理小麦关键生育期株高、叶面积指数、地上部干物质重、籽粒产量、加工品质、水分利用效率以及收获时土壤中微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量。结果显示,小麦株高、叶面积指数、地上部干物质重、籽粒产量随水肥管理时间延迟总体上呈现先增加后降低的趋势;相同水氮管理时间,总体上小麦株高、叶面积指数、地上部干物质重随施氮量增加而增加。W2N2处理籽粒产量最高,为10134.5 kg/hm^(2),显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。同一水肥管理时间,N2处理、N3处理土壤硝态氮含量显著高于N1处理(P<0.05);相同施氮水平,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量均随水肥管理时间的推迟呈先增加后减少的变化规律。小麦水分利用效率主要受水肥管理时间的影响,随着水肥管理时间的推迟水分利用效率先增加后减少,拔节后7 d适当增施氮肥对水分利用效率的提升效果最好。W2N3处理小麦籽粒加工品质的综合评价值最高。综合考虑不同处理强筋小麦籽粒产量、加工品质、水氮耦合等性状的表现,建议在小麦拔节后7 d(W2)进行水肥管理,同时追施氮肥(纯N)187.5 kg/hm^(2)(N2)。本试验结果表明,W2N2处理是中国黄淮麦区强筋小麦产业提质增效的可行性栽培措施。
To explore the optimal water and nitrogen management period and nitrogen application rate in spring for high-gluten wheat,this study took Xinmai 45,a national-approved high-gluten wheat variety in the southern Huang-Huai region,as the research object.A field experiment was conducted using a split-plot design.The main plots were set with three water and fertilizer management periods:jointing stage(W1),seven days after jointing(W2),and 14 days after jointing(W3),with an irrigation amount of 60 mm for each period.The subplots were set with three nitrogen application levels:150.0 kg/hm 2(N1),187.5 kg/hm 2(N2),and 225.0 kg/hm 2(N3),resulting in a total of nine water and nitrogen supply modes.The plant height,leaf area index,aboveground dry matter weight,grain yield,processing quality,water use efficiency,and contents of microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in the soil at harvest were analyzed and compared under different treatments.The results showed that wheat plant height,leaf area index,aboveground dry matter weight,and grain yield first increased and then decreased with the delay of water and fertilizer management periods.At the same water and nitrogen management period,wheat plant height,leaf area index,and aboveground dry matter weight generally increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The W2N2 treatment achieved the highest grain yield of 10134.5 kg/hm 2,which was significantly higher than other treatments(P<0.05).At the same water and fertilizer management period,the soil nitrate nitrogen content in N2 and N3 treatments was significantly higher than that in N1 treatment(P<0.05).At the same nitrogen application level,the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus first increased and then decreased with the delay of water and fertilizer management periods.Wheat water use efficiency was mainly affected by the water and fertilizer management period,first increasing and then decreasing with the delay of the period.The application of nitrogen fertilizer during the W2 period had the best effect on improving water use efficiency.The W2N3 treatment achieved the highest comprehensive evaluation score for wheat grain processing quality.Based on a comprehensive evaluation of traits including grain yield,processing quality,and water-nitrogen coupling in high-gluten wheat under different treatments,it is recommended to conduct water and fertilizer management at seven days after jointing(W2),coupled with a topdressing of 187.5 kg/hm 2 of nitrogen(N2).The results of this experiment demonstrate that the W2N2 treatment is a feasible cultivation measure to improve the quality and efficiency of the high-gluten wheat industry in the Huang-Huai wheat region of China.
作者
李晓航
王映红
蒋志凯
LI Xiaohang;WANG Yinghong;JIANG Zhikai(Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453004,China)
出处
《江苏农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期1751-1760,共10页
Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
河南省重点研发项目(231111112900)
国家小麦产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-2-35)
河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HARS-22-01-Z3)。
关键词
强筋小麦
水氮供应模式
水分利用效率
品质
产量
high-gluten wheat
water and nitrogen supply regimes
water use efficiency
quality
yield
作者简介
李晓航(1987-),女,河南安阳人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事小麦育种及栽培研究。(E-mail)li.xiaohang@163.com;通讯作者:蒋志凯,(E-mail)410733138@qq.com。
