摘要
【研究目的】本文旨在厘清西藏阿里地区日土县玛钦曲流域地表水和浅层地下水的化学特征及其控制因素。【研究方法】2021年7月和2022年7月在玛钦曲流域系统采集地表河流水、湖水和井水样品,共计22件。通过数理统计、WQI水质评价、Piper三线图、Gibbs图及离子比例系数法,全面分析了玛钦曲流域地表水和浅层地下水水化学特征及其控制因素。【研究结果】玛钦曲流域地表河流水和浅层地下水体pH值为7.4~8.4,呈弱碱性,除斯潘古尔水体外属Ⅲ类外,其他水体水质类型为Ⅰ类,区内水体水质优良。地表河流水和浅层地下水化学类型为HCO_(3)-Ca型,沙尔达湖水水化学类型为HCO_(3)-Mg·Ca型,斯潘古尔湖水水化学类型为Cl·HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Na·K型。氢氧稳定同位素组成关系指示,冰川融水是玛钦曲流域地表河流水和浅层地下水的重要补给来源,其中冰川融水、地表河流水、大气降水对浅层地下水贡献率分别为38.5%,24.4%和37.1%。【结论】玛钦曲流域浅层地下水和地表河流水主要化学成分组成受控于盐.岩和硅酸岩岩石风化溶解作用。斯潘古尔湖水离子组分受控于蒸发结晶作用。部分浅层地下水和地表河流水中Na^(+)相对Cl^(-)富集,地表河流水中Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)相对HCO_(3)^(-)贫乏,主要受控于阳离子交换作用控制,区内浅层地下水水质优良,可通过挖掘浅井供当地百姓的生活使用,斯潘古尔湖泉点最大日流量可供5000人生活用水,应注重加强区内地表水体的生态保护。
[Objective]In order to clarify the chemical characteristics of surface water and shallow groundwater and their controlling factors in the Maqinqu River Basin,Ritu County,Ngari Prefecture,Xizang,[Methods]a total of 22 surface river water,lake water and well water samples were systematically collected in July 2021 and July 2022 in the Maqinqu River Basin.The hydrochemical characteristics of surface water and shallow groundwater and their controlling factors in the Maqinqu River Basin were comprehensively analyzed by applying mathematical statistics,WQI water quality evaluation,Piper's trilinear diagram,Gibbs'diagram,and ionic scale factor method.[Results]The results showed that the pH value of surface river water and shallow groundwater bodies in the Maqinqu River Basin was 7.4~8.4,which was weakly alkaline,and the water quality types of the other water bodies were Class I except for the Spanguer water body,which was ClassⅢ,and the water quality of the water bodies in the area was excellent.The chemical type of surface river water and shallow groundwater is HCO_(3)-Ca type,the water chemistry type of shaerda Lake water is HCO_(3)-Mg-Ca type,and the water chemistry type of Spanguer Lake water is Cl·HCO_(3)-SO_(4)-Na-K type,and the relationship between the stable isotope composition of hydroxide and oxygen indicates that the glacial meltwater is an important recharge source of the surface river water and shallow groundwater in the Maqinqu River Basin,where the glacial meltwater,surface river water and atmospheric precipitation to shallow groundwater is 38.5%,24.4%and 37.1%,respectively.[Conclusions]The main chemical composition of shallow groundwater and surface river water in the Maqinqu River Basin is controlled by the weathering and dissolution of saline and silicate rocks.The ionic composition of the water in Spanguer lake is controlled by evaporation and crystallization.Some of the shallow groundwater and surface river water is enriched in Na+relative to Cl-,and surface river water is poor in Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)relative to HCO_(3)-,which is mainly controlled by cation exchange.The quality of shallow groundwater in the area is excellent,which can be used for the living of the local people by digging shallow wells.The maximum daily water flow of the spring point of Spanguer Lake can be used for the living water of about 5000 people.We should pay attention to strengthening the ecological protection of surface water in the area.
作者
王亮
邓俊峰
曹亚廷
权立诚
罗涛
WANG Liang;DENG Junfeng;CAO Yating;QUAN Licheng;LUO Tao(Civil-Military Integration Center of China Geological Survey,Chengdu 610036,Sichuan,China)
出处
《地质通报》
北大核心
2025年第9期1736-1749,共14页
Geological Bulletin of China
基金
中国地质调查局项目《中印边境西段班公湖地区斯潘古尔—热角一带综合地质调查项目》(编号:DD20210253)。
关键词
地表水
浅层地下水
高寒干旱区
玛钦曲
水化学特征
日土县
阿里地区
西藏
surface water
shallow groundwater
alpine arid areas
Maqinqu
hydrochemical characteristics
Ritu County
Ngari Prefecture
Xizang
作者简介
王亮(1988-),男,硕士,工程师,从事环境地球化学、区域矿产勘查、矿床地球化学等研究。E-mail:wll_liang@126.com。
