摘要
对对象进行整体性观看是审美行为特征之一,审美并非由局部归纳而是以整体直观启动,直取对象的“精神/气象”。整体性观看是统觉的结果,统觉的实现是通过想象力的感性统摄和通过理性完成的智性统摄,而在感性统摄与智性统摄的交集处存在着审美统摄。通过审美统摄,“先观气象”成为可能,“概括性感觉”与“意蕴”的获得成为可能。其机制是:想象力在“审美理念”引导下,将感性杂多一次性统握为可感而难以穷尽的“意象”,以此可以解释“先观气象”、远观整体与“言有尽而意无穷”等审美经验,并揭示无概念而可传达的普遍性是如何产生的。审美统摄的存在说明了审美作为一种认识方式的特殊性:审美是统摄性的;鉴赏是分析性的。审美统摄在认知机制上保证了审美行为的自律性。
Viewing an object as a whole is one of the characteristics of aesthetic appreciation.Aesthetic appreciation is not initiated by the induction of the parts,but by the intuition of the whole,which directly captures the“spirit/atmosphere”of the object.Viewing an object as a whole is the result of apperception.It is realized through the sensory comprehension of imagination and the intellectual comprehension of reason,while aesthetic comprehension exists at the intersection of sensory comprehension and intellectual comprehension.By aesthetic comprehension,it becomes possible to“view the atmosphere first”,and to acquire a“generalized feeling”and“meaning”.The mechanism of aesthetic comprehension is as follows:guided by an“aesthetic idea”,imagination comprehends the sensory manifold as a perceptible yet infinite“ideal-image”at once.This explains the experience of“viewing the atmosphere first”,viewing the whole from a distance,and“words have their limits,yet meaning transcends all bounds”,revealing a universality of the beautiful that can be communicated without a concept.The existence of aesthetic comprehension explains the uniqueness of aesthetics as a mode of cognition:aesthetics is comprehensive,while taste is analytical.Through its cognitive mechanisms,aesthetic comprehension ensures the autonomy of aesthetic appreciation.
出处
《华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第5期78-89,236,共13页
Journal of East China Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社科基金一般项目(项目编号:24VRC006)。
关键词
审美
统觉
统摄
审美统摄
aesthetic appreciation
apperception
comprehension
aesthetic comprehension
作者简介
刘旭光,上海大学文学院教授。
