摘要
学界对“NP_(L)NP_(E)”存在构式的归属仍存分歧,也未厘清它与“NP_(L)有NP_(E)”存在构式之间的关系。现有研究虽有一定描写性成果,但共识不足,需加强这两种构式的对比及异同动因阐释。两种构式本质上共享“容器图式”下的[容器(内容物)]空间概念框架,但二者认知机制分化为两种路径:前者先借隐喻赋予非典型空间成分“容器”“内容物”特征,再通过强制性数量结构对内容物进行计量和特定情境标识,最终生成[NP_(L)NP_(E)]结构,其存在义由[存在处所(存在主体)]结构预设;后者经同类隐喻操作后,与“有”字“某处存在某物”的规约化子场景融合,最终生成[NP_(L)有NP_(E)]结构,其存在义由[存在处所(存在主体)]结构和“有”字协同赋予。两构式时空性呈现对立:“NP_(L)NP_(E)”具有强空间性而无时间性,“NP_(L)有NP_(E)”兼具时间性与空间性。语篇功能上,二者均遵循“从旧信息到新信息”的信息分布模式,但“NP_(L)有NP_(E)”存在构式独有发端功能,“NP_(L)NP_(E)”存在构式承担总结功能。
Academic disputes persist regarding the categorization of the“NP_(L)NP_(E)”e xistential construction and its relationship with the“NP_(L)you NP_(E),”existential construction.Existing studies,although possessing certain descriptive achievements,lack consensus,urgently requiring strengthened comparative research on the two constructions and explanation of the motivations for their similarities and differences.Fundamentally,the two constructions fundamentally share the spatial conceptual framework of[container(content)]under the“Container Schema”,but their cognitive mechanisms diverge through two distinct pathways.“NP_(L)NP_(E)”existential construction first metaphorically assigns container/content features to atypical spatial components,then enforces obligatory quantity structures to quantify and situationally identify the content,ultimately generating the(NP_(L)NP_(E))form.Its existential meaning is presupposed by the[location(object)]structure.“NP_(L) you NP_(E)”existential construction,after identical metaphorical operations,fuses with the conventionalized sub-scene of“you”("something exists somewhere"),ultimately generating the(NP_(L)you NP_(E))structure.Its existence meaning is jointly endowed by the[location(object)] structure and the character“you”.The two constructions exhibit opposition in spatial-temporal properties:the former possesses the feature of extreme spatiality but lacks temporality,while the latter combines temporality with spatiality.In discourse function,both follow the information distribution patern of“from old information to new information”,but the“NP_(L)you NP_(E)”existential construction uniquely possesses discourse-initiating function,and the“NP_(L)NP_(E)”existential construction undertakes summarizingfunction.
出处
《外国语文》
北大核心
2025年第5期54-64,共11页
Foreign Languages and Literature
基金
山西省哲学社会科学规划课题“汉语应急语言及其伴随手势的认知研究”(2022YJ080)
山西省高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目“国内聋人应急手语服务体系研究及应急手语语言学建设”(2022W074)
“重庆市现代认知科学与语言文化研究协同创新团队”(渝教宣发[2020]3号)的阶段性成果。
关键词
存在构式
句法语义特征
对比研究
容器图式
时空性
认知机制
existential construction
syntactic and semantic features
contrastive study
Container Schema
spatiality and temporality
cognitive mechanism
作者简介
曹阳,女,中北大学人文社会科学学院讲师,博士,主要从事认知语言学与手语语言学研究;文旭,男,西南大学外国语学院教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事认知语言学、认知翻译学与语用学研究。
