摘要
三峡水库自2003年蓄水以来,支流水华问题成为备受关注的主要生态环境问题。文章综述了三峡水库蓄水运行二十年来浮游植物群落演替规律及支流水华的研究进展,确认蓄水后三峡水库支流浮游植物群落以蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻为主;群落演替显示显著的空间差异和季节特征;水华优势种类包括隐藻、甲藻、硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻等,优势种类随水库蓄水运行阶段而改变,当前的主要优势种类为蓝藻和硅藻,微囊藻、假鱼腥藻、小环藻等水华类型多见;支流水华主要发生在春夏季,消落期和汛期是水华高发期;重庆库区水华频次高于湖北库区,2015年后水华发生频次呈下降趋势;水动力、温度和营养盐是影响水华生消的主要因子;针对三峡支流水华研发的物理、化学、生物等防控技术,在水华防控中发挥了重要作用。鉴于支流水华对三峡生态环境的严重威胁,未来需要在智能监测预警、高效防控技术等方面开展深入研究,以保障三峡水库生态环境安全及其可持续利用。
Since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)in 2003,its ecosystems have changed significantly,and water bloom in the tributary has become a major ecological and environmental issue of great concern.This paper reviews the research progress on the succession pattern of phytoplankton community and tributary water bloom over the past 20 years since the impoundment.It has been confirmed that the phytoplankton community in the tributaries of TGR is dominated by Chlorophyta,Cyanophyta,and Bacillariophyta,with distinct spatial variations and seasonal characteristics observed across different tributaries.The dominant bloom species include Cryptophyta,Bacillariophyta,Dinophyta,Chlorophyta,and Cyanophyta.The dominant species changed with the reservoir storage operation stage,and the current dominant species are Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta,with Microcystis,Pseudanabaena,Cyclotellae being prevalent.The water bloom in tributaries mainly occur in the spring and summer,with peak occurrence during flood season and drawdown period.In addition,the frequency of tributary water bloom in Chongqing area is higher than that in Hubei area,and the total frequency of water bloom show a decreasing trend after 2015.Hydrodynamics,temperature,and nutrients are the main factors influencing the water blooms.A comprehensive prevention and control technology system,encompassing physical,chemical,and biological approaches,has been developed and implemented for the TGR tributary water bloom.This system has played a pivotal role in mitigating water blooms and has achieved significant results.However,given the serious ecological and environment threats posed by the tributary water bloom,future research should focus on intelligent monitoring and early warning systems,as well as efficient prevention and control strategies,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for safeguarding the ecological environment safety and sustainable utilization of the TGR.
作者
李丹敏
宋高飞
田楚铭
方灵超
万栋
米武娟
毕永红
LI Dan-Min;SONG Gao-Fei;TIAN Chu-Ming;FANG Ling-Chao;WAN Dong;MI Wu-Juan;BI Yong-Hong(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity Research in Heilongjiang Province,College of Life Sciences and Technology,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China)
出处
《水生生物学报》
北大核心
2025年第10期208-219,共12页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金长江水科学研究联合基金(U2040210)资助。
关键词
三峡水库
浮游植物
水华
防控技术
生态调度
The Three Gorges Reservoir
Phytoplankton
Water bloom
Control measurements
Ecological regulation
作者简介
李丹敏(1997-),女,博士,研究方向为藻类生态学。E-mail:lidanmin@ihb.ac.cn;通信作者:毕永红(1974-),男,博士,研究员,研究方向为水域生态学。E-mail:biyh@ihb.ac.cn。
