摘要
冰是自然界中最重要且分布最广泛的固体之一,在气候调节、生态系统维系及人类生产生活中发挥着不可替代的作用。然而,其微观结构及结晶、相变、缺陷行为等过程中的动力学机制仍有待深入揭示。透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscopy,TEM)具备原子级成像和谱学分析能力,是研究冰的微观结构与动态行为的有力工具。然而,冰对电子束极为敏感,且在镜筒高真空环境中易发生升华,这些特性严重限制了常规TEM技术在冰表征中的适用性。本文系统回顾了冰的微观结构及早期TEM在该领域中的基础应用,接着综述了近年来由于低剂量成像技术与原位电镜技术的发展,冰的分子级成像和微观动力学研究的代表性进展,并展望了透射电镜在未来冰科学研究中的应用前景。本文旨在为深入理解冰的微观机制提供新的技术路径与研究视角。
Ice is ubiquitous in nature and plays a crucial role across numerous scientific and technological fields.However,its microstructure and dynamic behaviors-such as crystallization,deformation,and defect evolution-remain poorly understood at the molecular level.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM),with its atomic⁃scale imaging and spectroscopic capabilities,offers a powerful platform for studying ice.Nevertheless,the extreme sensitivity of ice to electron⁃beam irradiation and its tendency to sublimate under vacuum conditions poses significant challenges for conventional TEM observations.This review presents an overview of ice structure and early applications of TEM in this field.It then discusses the inherent difficulties in characterizing ice using TEM,with particular emphasis on beam⁃induced damage.Recent advances in imaging ice microstructures and investigating its dynamics behavior-enabled by the development of low⁃dose imaging techniques and in situ electron microscopy-are highlighted.This work aims to provide insights into advancing the fundamental understanding of ice at the microscopic level through novel technical approaches.
作者
黄旭丹
白雪冬
王立芬
HUANG Xudan;BAI Xuedong;WANG Lifen(Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics,Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《电子显微学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期603-616,共14页
Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2024YFA1208201)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(Nos.52461160301,52427802,12334001,52322311)
中国博士后科学基金(No.GZB20240813)
中国科学院青促会项目(No.2020009).
作者简介
黄旭丹(1995-),女(汉族),四川人,博士.E⁃mail:hxd@iphy.ac.cn;通讯作者:王立芬(1985-),女(汉族),山东人,副研究员.E⁃mail:wanglf@iphy.ac.cn。
