摘要
通过探讨干旱胁迫对不同抗旱类别小麦品质及种子活力性状的影响,可为小麦品质和种子活力改良提供指导。研究选用37个小麦品种和高代品系,设置干旱处理和正常灌水2种生长条件,采用近红外分析仪测定收获籽粒的蛋白质、湿面筋和淀粉含量;同时进行发芽试验,测定发芽势与发芽率、芽长与根长、芽鲜质量与根鲜质量、芽干质量与根干质量。结果表明,正常灌水下收获籽粒的淀粉含量显著高于干旱处理;蛋白质和湿面筋含量、发芽势、发芽率和芽长在干旱处理下显著高于正常灌水;根长、芽鲜质量、根鲜质量、芽干质量、根干质量对干旱处理响应不显著。对于不同抗旱级别小麦,干旱处理下中等抗旱型品种蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量显著高于正常灌水,淀粉含量显著低于正常灌水;抗旱型品种和干旱敏感型品种的各项性状在2种条件下差异不显著,但抗旱型品种的根长在2种条件下都显著高于中等抗旱型和干旱敏感型品种。综上,抗旱型品种在干旱条件下具有较好的生长势和品质稳定性,通过干旱胁迫处理,可以显著提高小麦籽粒的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和种子发芽率等性状;且不同抗旱类别小麦在品质及种子活力性状方面对干旱胁迫的响应存在差异。
To delve into the effects of drought stress on quality and seed vigor traits of wheat with different drought resistant types,and to provide guidance for improvement of wheat quality and seed vitgor,in this study,17 approved varieties and advanced breeding lines were selected.Two growth conditions were established:drought treatment and normal irrigation.The protein,wet gluten,and starch content of harvested grains were measured using a near-infrared analyzer(DA 7250,Perten).Simultaneously,germination tests were conducted to determine germination potential and germination rate,shoot and root length,shoot and root fresh weight,and shoot and root dry weight.The results indicated that the starch content of grains harvested under normal irrigation was significantly higher than that under the drought treatment.In contrast,protein and wet gluten content,germination potential,germination rate,and shoot length were significantly higher under the drought treatment compared to normal irrigation.Root length,shoot fresh weight,root fresh weight,shoot dry weight,and root dry weight did not show significant responses to the drought treatment.For wheat varieties with different drought resistance levels,the protein and wet gluten content of moderately drought-resistant varieties were significantly higher under the drought treatment than under normal irrigation,while starch content was significantly lower.All of the traits of drought-resistant and drought-sensitive varieties did not show significant differences under the two conditions.However,the root length of drought-resistant varieties was significantly greater than that of moderately drought-resistant and drought-sensitive varieties under both conditions,indicating that drought-resistant varieties exhibited better growth potential and quality stability under drought conditions.In summary,the drought stress treatment significantly improved the traits such as grain protein content,wet gluten content,and seed germination rate in wheat.Furthermore,the response to drought stress exhibited significant variation among wheat varieties of different drought resistant categories in terms of both quality and seed vigor traits.
作者
桑萌育
杨莉
李珍妮
王春平
赵德辉
SANG Mengyu;YANG Li;LI Zhenni;WANG Chunping;ZHAO Dehui(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China;Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Luoyang 471023,China;Henan Engineering Research Center for Drought-resistant and Wall-saving Wheat Breeding,Luoyang 471023,China)
出处
《山西农业科学》
2025年第5期84-91,共8页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金(32401917)
洛阳市核心技术攻关类公益专项(2302034A)
河南科技大学青年骨干教师培养项目(13450014)
河南科技大学本科教学质量工程项目(2024BK137)
河南科技大学博士科研启动基金(13480100)
洛阳农林科学院科技创新基金。
关键词
普通小麦
干旱胁迫
品质性状
种子活力
common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)
drought stress
quality traits
seed vigor
作者简介
桑萌育,在读硕士,研究方向:小麦品质相关性状,E-mail:zhongguohnsmy@163.com;通信作者:杨莉,助理研究员,博士,主要从事小麦抗旱基因挖掘和分子辅助育种研究,E-mail:yanglily1120@126.com;通信作者:赵德辉,讲师,博士,主要从事小麦产量和品质性状相关基因挖掘研究,E-mail:zhaodehuizdh@163.com。
