摘要
随着全球能源结构转型和新型电力系统的快速发展,光伏、风电等新能源装机规模占比逐渐增大,冲击着传统以火电为主体的能源结构,然而新能源的随机性、波动性、缺乏惯性支撑等特点也严重影响着电网的安全稳定运行;火电机组作为稳定器在电网中发挥深度调峰的作用日益凸显。我国火电机组深度调峰能力不足,且直接深度调峰面临低负荷燃烧、受热面超温、热电解耦及经济性降低等问题,储热技术是火电机组灵活性改造实现深度调峰的重要手段。首先梳理总结基于热形式不同的显热、潜热及热化学储热技术现状,然后针对火电机组深度调峰分析了具体的储热技术路线特点、工艺原理和发展应用现状,主流技术包括热水罐、电极锅炉、熔盐储热、固体储热技术、相变电储热等,研究发现:显热储热成本低廉、技术成熟度最高;潜热储热储能密度高、储热/放热过程温度近乎恒定,已开始规模化示范,是当下研究热点;热化学储热储能密度最高,但处于实验室研究阶段。热水罐和电极锅炉是最早应用于火电深度调峰的技术,工艺简单,对火电系统改动较少,但也存在占地较大、释放热能品质较低的问题。相变储热技术潜热巨大,可恒温放热,热稳定性好,但技术尚未成熟;熔盐储热技术和高温固体电储热技术储热温度高,在大规模火电厂具有巨大工程应用潜力。
With the global energy structure transformation and the rapid development of new power systems,the installed capacity of new energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind power is gradually increasing,impacting the traditional energy structure dominated by thermal power.However,the randomness,volatility,and lack of inertial support of new energy sources also seriously affect the safe and stable operation of the power grid.The role of thermal power units as stabilizers in providing deep peak shaving for the grid is becoming increasingly prominent.China's thermal power units have insufficient deep peak shaving capabilities,and direct deep peak shaving faces issues such as low-load combustion,overheating of heated surfaces,thermoelectric decoupling,and reduced economic efficiency.Thermal storage technology is an important means for the flexibility transformation of thermal power units to achieve deep peak shaving.The current status of sensible heat,latent heat,and thermochemical heat storage technologies is first summarized based on different forms of heat.Then,it analyzes the characteristics,process principles,and development and application status of specific thermal storage technology routes for deep peak shaving of thermal power units.The mainstream technologies include hot water tanks,electrode boilers,molten salt heat storage,solid heat storage technology,and phase change electric heat storage.The study found that sensible heat storage has low costs and the highest technological maturity;latent heat storage has high energy storage density and nearly constant temperature during heat storage/release processes,and has begun large-scale demonstrations,making it a current research hotspot;thermochemical heat storage has the highest energy storage density but is still in the laboratory research stage.Hot water tanks and electrode boilers are the earliest technologies applied to deep peak shaving of thermal power,with simple processes and minimal modifications to the thermal power system,but they also have issues such as large footprints and lower quality of released thermal energy.Phase change heat storage technology has huge latent heat,can release heat at a constant temperature,and has good thermal stability,but the technology is not yet mature.Molten salt heat storage technology and high-temperature solid electric heat storage technology have high heat storage temperatures and have enormous engineering application potential in large-scale thermal power plants.
作者
闫亚龙
张进华
黄艳
王伟杰
王楠
刘冰
赵明远
王凯民
YAN Yalong;ZHANG Jinhua;HUANG Yan;WANG Weijie;WANG Nan;LIU Bing;ZHAO Mingyuan;WANG Kaimin(Guoneng Jinjie Energy Co.,Ltd.,Yulin 719000,China;National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy,Beijing 102209,China)
出处
《洁净煤技术》
北大核心
2025年第S1期495-506,共12页
Clean Coal Technology
基金
国能锦界公司新型储能系统应用场景及运行模式研究(GDDL-24-6)
关键词
火力发电
深度调峰
热电解耦
储热技术
thermal power
deep peak regulation
thermoelectric decoupling
heat storage technology
作者简介
闫亚龙(1977-),男,陕西神木人。E-mail:16070013@ceic.com;通讯作者:张进华(1987—),男,安徽蒙城人,高级工程师。E-mail:20037441@ceic.com。
