摘要
如何提高玉米产量和降低残膜污染是黄土高原半干旱区玉米生产急需解决的问题。本研究于2023—2024年在甘肃农业大学旱作农业综合试验站开展田间试验。研究地膜厚度及其免耕两年使用对陇中旱地玉米产量、水分利用效率(WUE)及地膜回收率的影响,设置地膜利用方式(T1:新膜;T2:免耕地膜两年使用)和地膜厚度(H1:0.01 mm;H2:0.015 mm;H3:0.02 mm)二因素试验,共6个处理。结果表明,相比免耕地膜两年使用,新膜在H1、H2和H3厚度下苗期—拔节期0~25 cm土层的平均土壤温度分别显著增加6.71%、5.60%和5.77%;而在拔节期—成熟期,新膜和免耕地膜两年使用的土壤平均温度差异不显著。在新膜和免耕地膜两年使用下,H2和H3处理的成熟期干物质积累量和产量差异均不显著;而在H1厚度下,成熟期干物量积累量和产量新膜较免耕地膜两年使用处理分别提高14.54%和24.10%。免耕地膜两年使用情况下加厚地膜(H2和H3)WUE较普通地膜(H1)显著提高26.78%和29.71%。在新膜处理下,3种厚度地膜的玉米净收益和产投比差异不显著;而在免耕地膜两年使用情况下,H2和H3较H1分别显著增加玉米净收益45.74%和46.10%,产投比分别显著提高11.11%和9.63%。免耕地膜两年使用处理较新膜处理显著降低了地膜回收率,但加厚地膜(H2和H3)较普通地膜(H1)在免耕地膜两年使用下能显著提高地膜回收率。结果说明新膜使用下加厚地膜的增产增收效应不明显;而免耕地膜两年使用下加厚地膜的增产增收效应显著。因此,综合考虑产量、水分利用效率、地膜回收率和经济效益,0.015 mm地膜结合其免耕两年使用是黄土高原旱农区适宜的地膜措施。
Increasing maize yield and reducing residual film pollution remain important issues that need to be addressed for maize production in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau.A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different plastic film thicknesses and their two-year reuse under no-till conditions on maize yield,water use efficiency(WUE),and film recovery rate in central Gansu Province from 2023 to 2024.The experimental design included two factors:plastic film utilization methods(T1:new film;T2:two-year reuse of plastic film with no till)and plastic film thickness(H1:0.01 mm;H2:0.015 mm;H3:0.02 mm),with six treatments.The results showed that compared with the two-year reuse of plastic film with no till,new plastic film under H1,H2,and H3 significantly increased the average soil temperature in the 0-25 cm layer during the seedling to jointing stages by 6.71%,5.60%,and 5.77%,respectively.From the jointing to maturity stages,no significant differences in the average soil temperature in the 0-25 cm layer were observed between the new film and the two-year reuse of plastic film with no till.Both the new film and two-year reuse of plastic film with no-till treatments showed no significant differences in harvest biomass or yield between H2 and H3.Under the H1 thickness,the dry matter accumulation at maturity and the yield of new plastic film increased by 14.54% and 24.10%,respectively,compared to the two-year use of no-till plastic film mulch.Thicker films(H2 and H3)significantly increased WUE by 26.78% and 29.71%,respectively,compared to H1.Under the new film,the net income or ratio of output to input was not significantly different for H1,H2,and H3.Under two-year reuse of plastic film with no till,H2 and H3 increased net income by 45.74% and 46.10%,respectively,and elevated the ratio of output to input by 11.11% and 9.63%,respectively,compared to H1.Although two-year reuse of plastic film with no till significantly reduced the film recovery rate compared to the new film,thicker films under two-year reuse with no till significantly improved the recovery rate compared to H1.These results indicate that under the new film,thicker films did not significantly increase yield or net income;however,thicker films under two-year reuse with no till significantly enhanced yield and net income.Therefore,considering the yield,WUE,film recovery,and economic benefits,a 0.015 mm plastic film combined with two-year reuse of plastic film under no-till conditions is a suitable plastic film measure for arid agricultural areas in the Loess Plateau.
作者
苏笑星
王林林
李萌
马雪婷
李玲玲
李世清
SU Xiaoxing;WANG Linlin;LI Meng;MA Xueting;LI Lingling;LI Shiqing(State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Resources and Environmental Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》
北大核心
2025年第9期1858-1869,共12页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金(42167008)
甘肃省科技重大专项(25ZDNA007)
甘肃省农业生态与资源保护技术推广总站农业生态环境保护专项新技术(新设备)研发推广项目(HT-SHGK-2024-037)
加厚高强度易回收地膜关键指标研究及产品质量地方标准制定项目(GSAU-JSFW-2022-23)资助。
关键词
玉米
地膜厚度
免耕地膜两年使用
产量
经济效益
地膜回收率
maize
film thickness
two-year reuse of plastic film with no-till
yield
ratio of output to input
plastic film recycling rate
作者简介
通信作者:王林林,主要研究方向为旱地作物高产高效绿色生产研究。E-mail:wangll@gsau.edu.cn;苏笑星,主要研究方向为作物水肥高效利用。E-mail:2232645352@qq.com。
