摘要
水稻钵苗机插有效结合了钵形秧苗和毯状秧苗的特点,通过专用移栽机械将带土钵苗精准植入田间,具有缩短水稻缓苗期、提升产量和稳定性等优点。本文结合安徽安庆地区水稻钵苗机插实践,从品种选择、种子处理、育秧管理、钵苗移栽等方面介绍了水稻钵苗育秧机插高产高效栽培技术。生产中宜选择豪两优729、豪两优985等熟期适宜、抗病能力强的品种,通过晒种、浸种等种子处理措施,提高种子出苗率。育秧管理方面,选择地势平坦,水源便利地块作秧田,育秧盘规格为448孔/盘,长60 cm,宽30 cm,用量为35个/667 m^(2);播种后进行土壤封闭处理、科学管水和施肥等秧苗管理,以培育出成苗孔率≥90%、生长整齐且无病虫害的标准化秧苗。移栽时,钵苗机插调节行株距为33 cm×14 cm,栽植密度1.44万穴/667 m^(2),机插深度1~2 cm。水稻机插后,管水遵循“前浅、中晒、后湿”原则,返青前7~10 d浅水,茎蘖达穗数90%时晒田,拔节孕穗期间歇灌溉,灌浆期干湿交替,收获前断水;分蘖期施尿素5~7 kg/667 m^(2)促分蘖,孕穗期施尿素2~3 kg/667 m^(2)+氯化钾3~5 kg/667 m^(2)保穗,灌浆期喷磷酸二氢钾等叶面肥增粒重;病虫草害以预防为主,分时期化学防治,辅以物理和生物防治,施药时期避开高温与扬花期。田间籽粒95%变黄、稻秆33%干枯时,选晴天及时收获;晾晒至籽粒含水量在13.5%~14.5%时入仓贮藏。本文为水稻钵苗机插高产栽培技术推广应用提供参考。
Rice pot seedling machine transplanting effectively combines the characteristics of pot-shaped seedlings and carpet seedlings.It involves the precise transplantation of soil-bearing pot seedlings into the field using specialized machinery,offering advantages such as shortening the slow seedling recovery period and improving yield and stability.This article,based on the practice of rice pot seedling machine transplanting in Anqing,Anhui Province,introduces high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques for rice pot seedling nursery and machine transplanting,covering aspects such as variety selection,seed treatment,seedling management,and pot seedling transplantation.In production,it is advisable to select varieties with suitable maturity and strong disease resistance,such as Haoliangyou 729 and Haoliangyou 985.Seed treatment measures,including sun drying and soaking,are implemented to improve seedling emergence rates.For seedling management,a flat and well-irrigated field is selected as the nursery.Using nursery trays measuring 60 cm in length and 30 cm in width,with 448 holes per tray.The required number of trays is 35 trays per 667 m^(2).After sowing,soil sealing treatment,scientific water management,and fertilization are carried out to cultivate standardized seedlings with a hole formation rate of≥90%,uniform growth,and free from pests and diseases.During transplantation,the row spacing for pot seedling machine transplanting is set at 33 cm×14 cm,with a planting density of 14400 holes per 667 m^(2)and a transplanting depth of 1-2 cm.After machine transplanting,water management follows the principle of“shallow water initially,mid-term drying,and moist conditions later”,shallow water before seedling recovery,field drying when tillers reach 90%of the panicle number,intermittent irrigation during jointing and booting stages,alternating dry and wet conditions during the grain-filling stage,and water supply is cut off 7-10 days before harvest.5-7 kg/667 m^(2)of urea during the tillering stage to promote tillering,2-3 kg/667 m^(2)of urea+3-5 kg/667 m^(2)of potassium chloride during the booting stage to protect panicles,and foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the grain-filling stage to increase grain weight.Pest,disease,and weed control prioritize prevention,with chemical control applied at specific stages,supplemented by physical and biological control.Pesticide application should avoid high temperatures and the flowering period.Harvesting is conducted timely on sunny days when 95%of the grains turn yellow and 33%of the rice stalks dry out.The grains are dried to a moisture content of 13.5%-14.5%before storage.
作者
韩仁长
王心语
朱先飞
丁龙
黄冠
方先勇
张伟民
HAN Renchang;WANG Xinyu;ZHU Xianfei;DING Long;HUANG Guan;FANG Xianyong;ZHANG Weimin(Anhui Guohao Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China)
出处
《安徽农学通报》
2025年第18期1-4,共4页
Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
安徽省科学技术厅重点研发项目“江淮地区耐高温水稻高效选育方法构建及新品种选育示范”(2023n06020004)。
关键词
水稻
钵苗机插
高产
栽培技术
rice
pot seedling machine transplant
high yield
cultivation techniques
作者简介
韩仁长(1974-),男,安徽安庆人,硕士,研究员,从事油菜、水稻品种选育工作。
