摘要
铁基非晶合金以其优异力学性能、软磁性能和耐磨耐腐蚀性能,被广大研究者所关注。但铁基非晶合金块体材料的室温脆性及尺寸限制严重影响其在表面防护中的应用,而铁基非晶涂层在突破非晶合金块体材料的室温脆性及尺寸限制的基础上还保持了其高硬度、高耐磨耐腐蚀性能的特点,使其能出色地应用于零件的表面防护,因此针对铁基非晶涂层的研究现状进行系统地总结。主要从铁基非晶涂层材料、涂层制备技术、涂层耐磨耐腐蚀性能以及实际应用四方面综述了近年来铁基非晶涂层的研究进展。结果表明:铁基非晶涂层材料中“Fe-ETM-LTM-M”型的铁基非晶合金粉末的玻璃形成能力最高,雾化法制备出的铁基非晶合金粉末最适用于非晶涂层制备;热喷涂技术制备出的涂层成分均匀,结构致密;激光熔覆技术制备出的涂层能与基体形成冶金结合,结合强度高。因此热喷涂技术和激光熔覆技术成为制备铁基非晶涂层最常用的两种技术,并且都可通过相应的技术调整或添加辅助场手段使制备出的铁基非晶涂层性能更佳;在制备涂层过程中,调配元素组成、增强相的加入和预/后处理都可以为铁基非晶涂层的耐磨耐腐蚀性能的改善做出贡献,扩大了其在复杂工况中的应用前景;铁基非晶涂层通过科研技术人员的性能调控,已在军事、核工业、电力材料防护等方面发挥关键作用。从上述四个不同的角度阐述了铁基非晶涂层的性能提升以及实际应用现状,以期为广大铁基非晶涂层开发的科研技术人员提供参考。
Fe-based amorphous alloys have attracted the attention of researchers due to their excellent mechanical and soft magnetic properties,wear resistance,and corrosion resistance.The short-range order and long-range disorder characteristics of the amorphous structure play important roles.However,the room-temperature brittleness and size limitations of Fe-based amorphous alloys seriously limit their practical applications in surface protection.By overcoming the room-temperature brittleness and size limitations of amorphous alloys,Fe-based amorphous coatings can be prepared using coating technologies such as thermal spraying and laser cladding.These coatings retain high hardness,wear resistance,and corrosion resistance,enabling their application in surface protection of parts.Therefore,this study systematically summarizes the current research status of Fe-based amorphous coatings.In this paper,the recent research progress on Fe-based amorphous coatings is discussed from four aspects:coating materials,coating preparation technologies,wear and corrosion resistance,and practical applications.The results showed that among Fe-based amorphous coating materials,the"Fe-ETM-LTM-M"type Fe-based amorphous alloy powder has the highest glass-forming ability.The Fe-based amorphous alloy powder prepared by the atomization method has a smooth surface and a moderate particle size range,making it most suitable for the preparation of Fe-based amorphous coatings.The coating prepared by thermal spraying exhibited a uniform composition and dense structure.Coatings prepared using laser cladding technology can form metallurgical bonds with the substrate,resulting in high bonding strength.In addition,coating preparation techniques such as detonation spraying,cold spraying,and magnetron sputtering have also been used to produce Fe-based amorphous coatings.Therefore,thermal spraying and laser cladding have become the two most commonly used technologies for preparing Fe-based amorphous coatings,and the performance of these coatings can be improved through appropriate technical adjustments or the addition of auxiliary fields.Technical adjustments can be achieved by modifying the structure of the spraying device to obtain a higher heat source temperature or increase the particle flight speed.The addition of an auxiliary field—such as coupling an ultrasonic vibration field or an electromagnetic field outside the coating preparation device—can reduce the number of cracks in the prepared Fe-based amorphous coating.During the coating preparation process,factors such as element composition,the addition of reinforcing phases,and pre/post-treatment procedures contribute to improving the wear and corrosion resistance of Fe-based amorphous coatings.For example,low-temperature cyclic treatment can induce structural relaxation in the coating without causing recrystallization,while the regulation of elemental composition can enhance the stability of the passivation film formed on the coating surface.Moreover,the addition of hard phases—such as WC—effectively blocks the propagation of shear bands and enhances the wear resistance of Fe-based amorphous coatings.Pores not only serve as primary channels for corrosive substances to penetrate the coating but also act as the initial sites of surface damage under friction and wear.Sealing treatments can effectively reduce the number of pores in Fe-based amorphous coatings,thereby expanding their application prospects under complex working conditions.Fe-based amorphous coatings have played a key role in the military and nuclear industries,power equipment protection,and other fields,thanks to performance enhancements developed by scientific and technical personnel.These four aspects illustrate the performance improvements and current practical applications of Fe-based amorphous coatings from different perspectives,providing a valuable reference for researchers and engineers involved in their development.
作者
胡明超
赵运才
王慧鹏
黄艳斐
邢志国
朱合法
郭伟玲
王海斗
HU Mingchao;ZHAO Yuncai;WANG Huipeng;HUANG Yanfei;XING Zhiguo;ZHU Hefa;GUO Weiling;WANG Haidou(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing,Army Academy of Armored Forces,Beijing 100072,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;National Engineering Research Center for Remanufacturing,Army Academy of Armored Forces,Beijing 100072,China)
出处
《中国表面工程》
北大核心
2025年第4期179-197,共19页
China Surface Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52275227)。
关键词
铁基非晶涂层
热喷涂
激光熔覆
耐磨性能
耐腐蚀性能
Fe-based amorphous coatings
thermal spraying
laser cladding
abrasion resistance
corrosion resistance
作者简介
胡明超,男,2000年出生,硕士研究生。主要研究方向为表面工程。E-mail:18945820046@163.com;通信作者:郭伟玲,女,1986年出生,博士,副研究员。主要研究方向为再制造表面工程。E-mail:guoweiling_426@163.com。
