摘要
为进一步满足航空器人机界面的研制需求,开展航空器任务和显控界面设计紧密结合特点下作业人员情境意识(SA)水平的理论预测,提出一种基于资源供需差与情境理解度的情境意识量化分析模型。该模型以经典且广泛适用的情境意识评估技术(SART)量表对情境意识的定义方式为基础,将人员情境意识表征为资源供需差与情境理解度的加和,并引入多维度人机界面显示格式对情境理解度进行量化,结合任务网络分析与多资源理论对各任务单元的资源供需差进行衡量。为对模型的有效性进行验证,采用30名被试开展不同情境评估难度下的5边飞行模拟实验,通过调整改变仿真气象条件、仪表显示模式、飞行导航地图显示模式以实现对情境评估难度的调控,并结合主观量表、飞行绩效及眼动指标对作业人员在不同情境评估难度下的情境意识水平进行测评。数据分析结果表明,所提情境意识理论模型的计算结果与实验主观(SART量表、机组意识评定量表(CARS)、美国国家航空航天局-任务负荷指数量表(NASA-TLX))、客观(操纵绩效、注视熵、扫视次数)测量结果均呈现出良好的相关性,对模型的效度进行了初步验证。所提情境意识理论模型可结合航空器任务操控流程设计和显控界面设计特征对人员情境意识分析预测提供一定的理论依据和技术方法。
To further meet the development needs for human-machine interface of aviation equipment and to theoretically predict pilots’situation awareness(SA)under the close combination of task with display and control interface design,this paper proposed a model for quantitative analysis of SA based on resource supply-demand difference and understanding.The model was based on the way the classical situation awareness rating technique(SART)scale defined SA,characterizing SA as the combination of resource supply-demand difference and understanding.The understanding was measured by multidimensional human-machine interface display format,while the resource supply-demand difference of task units was measured by combining task network analysis with multiple resource theory.To verify model validity,30 subjects were selected to complete the simulated flight task in the airfield traffic pattern under different situation difficulties.The situation difficulty was adjusted by changing the simulated weather conditions,instrument display modes,and navigation map display modes.The SA was assessed under different situation difficulties by using subjective scales,flight performance,and eye movement indicators.The data analysis results show that the SA model results have good correlations with subjective(SART,crew awareness rating scale(CARS),and national aeronautics and space administration task load index(NASA-TLX)scales)and objective(manipulation performance,gaze entropy,and number of saccades)measurements.This preliminarily verifies the validity of the model.The proposed model can provide a theoretical basis and technical methods for the analysis and prediction of SA in combination with task flow design and display and control interface design features.
作者
王一行
刘双
完颜笑如
冯传宴
周孙夏
钱春颖
WANG Yihang;LIU Shuang;WANYAN Xiaoru;FENG Chuanyan;ZHOU Sunxia;QIAN Chunying(School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)
出处
《北京航空航天大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期3108-3116,共9页
Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
基金
国家自然科学基金委员会与中国民用航空局联合基金(U1733118)
航空科学基金(201813300002)
国家自然科学基金(71301005)。
关键词
情境意识
资源供需差
情境理解度
绩效测量
眼动测量
situation awareness
resource supply-demand difference
understanding
performance measurement
eye movement measurement
作者简介
通信作者:完颜笑如,E-mail:wanyanxiaoru@buaa.edu.cn。
