摘要
目的:探讨我国老年人认知障碍患病率空间分布及影响因素,为认知障碍区域化防控策略提供依据。方法:基于中国健康与养老追踪调查2020年数据中60岁及以上老年人的社会人口学特征、健康状况和功能情况等数据,对老年人认知障碍患病率和影响因素进行空间分布分析、空间自相关分析和地理加权回归分析。结果:我国6717名老年人认知障碍患病率为54.27%,各省份老年人患病率介于33.33%-74.47%之间。空间自相关分析显示Moran's I指数为0.620(P<0.001),认知障碍患病率存在聚集性,我国西南部为高患病率聚集区,北部为低患病率聚集区。认知障碍患病率主要影响因素有低学历人群比重(β=45.48,P<0.001)、饮酒率(β=46.12,P=0.025)以及抑郁症状人群比重(β=29.41,P=0.020)。结论:我国认知障碍患病率具有空间分布异质性,受多种因素影响;重点防控区域主要集中在西南部,建议重视我国北部教育水平的提升以及西南部酗酒问题的防控,东北部应关注心理健康状况,重视并预防抑郁症状发生。
Objective:To explore the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors of cognitive impairment prevalence among older adults in China,so as to provide a basis for the regionalization of prevention and control strategies for cognitive impairment.Methods:Using sociodemographic characteristics,health status,and functional variables of individuals aged 60 and above from the 2020 China health and retirement longitudinal study,the spatial distribution analysis,spatial autocorrelation analysis and geographically weighted regression analysis were conducted to examine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and influencing factors.Results:Among 6717 elderly individuals in China,the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 54.27%,with provincial rates ranging from 33.33%to 74.47%.The spatial autocorrelation analysis showed a Moran's I index of 0.620(P<0.001),indicating a clustered distribution of cognitive impairment prevalence.The southwestern region of China exhibited high-prevalence clusters,and the northern region had low-prevalence clusters.The main influencing factors for cognitive impairment included the proportion of individuals with low education levels(β=45.48,P<0.001),alcohol consumption rate(β=46.12,P=0.025),and the proportion of individuals with depressive symptoms(β=29.41,P=0.020).Conclusion:The prevalence of cognitive impairment exhibits spatial distribution heterogeneity and has multiple influencing factors.The focus of prevention and control efforts is primarily concentrated in the western and southern regions of China.It is recommended to focus on improving education levels in northern China,control alcohol abuse in southwest China,and prioritize mental health interventions to prevent depressive symptoms among residents in northeast China.
作者
刘欣怡
张逦
LIU Xinyi(School of Health Economics and Management,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210023,China)
出处
《医学与社会》
北大核心
2025年第9期1-7,共7页
Medicine and Society
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目,编号为72004103
江苏省社科应用研究精品工程课题重点资助项目,编号为24SYA-009。
关键词
老年健康
认知障碍
空间分布
老年人
Elderly Health
Cognitive Impairment
Spatial Distribution
Older Adult
作者简介
通讯作者:张逦,lizhang@njucm.edu.cn。
