摘要
黄土高原丘陵区地貌破碎,水力侵蚀剧烈,乡村居住环境地表过度硬化和雨水系统建设的不完善,使得坡面径流成为目前水土流失及洪涝灾害的诱发动力。为保障丘陵地区乡村居住环境的水土安全,提升人居环境水土保持服务功能,运用景观生态学景观格局和生态过程的作用关系原理,主要通过ArcGIS空间分析,SWMM暴雨洪水管理模型对降雨-地表径流概化模拟,探讨各丘陵乡村侵蚀地貌影响下的径流特征,乡村居住环境毗邻关系以及居住环境现状格局影响下的径流特征,提出适应侵蚀地貌的居住环境选址原则、基于居住环境毗邻关系的径流控制要点以及居住环境景观优化途径,这是对黄土丘陵沟壑区乡村居住环境景观因地制宜的解读,为镇村级山水林田湖草生态修复提供参考。
Hilly areas of the Loess Plateau have fragmented landscapes,intense hydraulic erosion,and rural habitats relying on the construction of small watersheds.The residential environment,due to the excessive hardening of the ground surface and the imperfect construction of the rainwater system,has led to an upsurge in runoff and serious slope erosion.The runoff from residential environments has become an important driver of the current aggravation of soil and water erosion and flooding.At the same time,due to the differences in the spatial layout of the rural residential environment between landforms and under the influence of each landform in the hilly areas of the Loess Plateau,the distribution of surface runoff aggregation and dispersion,and the degree and location of erosion are changing,so there is an urgent need to explore the study of the optimization of the rural residential environment landscape for the hilly landforms sub-districts.In order to ensure the soil and water security of rural residential environment in hilly areas,and to improve the soil and water conservation service function of human habitat in accordance with local conditions,this study uses the principle of the relationship between landscape pattern and ecological process of landscape ecology to explore the runoff characteristics and landscape optimization of rural residential environment under the influence of different hilly erosive geomorphology at three levels.Firstly,eight typical small watersheds located in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces were extracted.The characterization factors reflecting the current status of geomorphological erosion in small watersheds were selected.The DEM data of hilly areas were processed and calculated by using ArcGIS spatial analysis,3D analysis and map algebra tools.Through the lateral comparison of the same factor in different landforms and the analysis of runoff characteristics under the joint action of different factors in the same landform,it can understand the erosive geomorphological characteristics of the micro-watershed where the villages are located.It is also possible to understand the difference in the degree of hydraulic erosion on the complete topographic unit,as well as the key position of erosion and the spatial distribution of runoff aggregation and dispersal.By clarifying the spatial constraints on the siting of residential environments in hilly villages,it proposes the principle of siting residential environments in such a way as to“seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages,and taking precautions first”.Secondly,the rural village area covers an area of about a few square kilometers,and the rural settlement environment is inextricably linked to the agricultural production environment and the natural ecological environment.The settlement environment and the adjacent space span one or more micro-watershed units and are arranged on a complete terrain in the vertical direction.On the basis of the proximity of the residential environment to the agricultural and ecological environment,the proximity is defined as“juxtaposition”,“occlusion”and“separation”.The study analyses the process of convergence in residential environments by extracting remote sensing images of the countryside,cad mapping,and field research.On this basis,the adjacent space is superimposed to analyze the relationship between the combined morphological pattern and runoff erosion,thus clarifying the impact of incoming water around the residential environment and the erosion of runoff discharge.Therefore,it is proposed that the landscape optimization of the residential environment based on the adjoining relationship mainly adopts the method of“channeling or gradual dissolution”to resist the runoff from the incoming water surface,while the external runoff from the residential environment mainly adopts the method of“combination of storage and drainage”to discharge the runoff in an organized manner.Runoff control on vertically intact slopes is achieved through landscape measures that regulate the spatial distribution of water.Finally,the residential environments are distributed on some of the topographic units in the vertical direction of the micro-watershed,and the landscape pattern of residential environments influences surface flow generation and catchment processes.Using SWMM to set up simulation conditions for rainfall-surface runoff under single rainfall conditions.By clarifying the relationship between the influencing factors of the residential environment and the runoff characteristics,and then analyzing the runoff characteristics of the current residential environment landscape,it is proposed to achieve the internal adjustment of runoff by the landscape design method of“slow release and slow discharge,and storage instead of discharge”.Combining different hilly terrain proposes a landscape pathway for residential environments that collects rain at source,optimizes runoff discharge pathways and identifies key locations for runoff utilization.The resulting landscape pathways are used to further outline the focus of landscape optimization for residential environments under different hilly terrain constraints.This is an interpretation of the landscape of the rural residential environment in the loess hilly and gully region,and provides a reference for the ecological restoration of mountains,water,forests,fields,lakes and grasses at the township and village levels.
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
北大核心
2025年第4期132-139,共8页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(23YJC760070)。
关键词
黄土高原丘陵区
乡村居住环境
径流特征
景观优化
loess plateau hilly region
rural residential environment
runoff characteristics
landscape optimization
作者简介
通讯作者:刘华,西安建筑科技大学艺术学院,讲师,lpjiahua@sina.com。
