摘要
为了解不同障碍物所形成的复杂水流环境对鱼类游泳能力的影响,以青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)、中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)和长鳍吻鮈(Rhinogobio ventralis)幼鱼为对象,通过在游泳水槽中放置圆形、方形和半圆形柱状障碍物,研究3种幼鱼的临界游泳速度及感应流速差异。结果表明,青鱼幼鱼在半圆形障碍物影响下临界游泳速度与无障碍物组无显著性差异(P>0.05),在圆形和方形障碍物影响下临界游泳速度显著降低(P<0.05),绝对临界游泳速度(U_(crit)^(a))分别降低了36.3%和15.6%,相对临界游泳速度(U_(crit)^(r))分别降低了34.9%和15.3%;中华倒刺鲃幼鱼在方形障碍物下U_(crit)^(r)为(15.20±0.84)BL/s,相较于对照组[U_(crit)^(r)=(17.42±0.55)BL/s]降低了12.7%(P<0.05);长鳍吻鮈幼鱼在3种障碍物影响下的临界游泳速度均显著低于无障碍物组(P<0.05),其中圆形障碍物组影响最为显著,U_(crit)^(a)和U_(crit)^(r)为(62.83±7.52)cm/s和(8.17±0.73)BL/s。青鱼、中华倒刺鲃幼鱼感应流速在无障碍物和不同形式障碍物下均无显著性差异(P>0.05),长鳍吻鮈幼鱼感应流速在圆形和方形障碍物影响下差异显著(P<0.05),3种幼鱼绝对感应流速(U_(ind)^(a))范围为1.60~5.20 cm/s,相对感应流速(U_(ind)^(r))范围为0.17~0.62 BL/s。在相同障碍物环境中,中华倒刺鲃U_(crit)^(r)和U_(ind)^(r)均显著高于青鱼和长鳍吻鮈。3种实验鱼临界游泳速度均大于感应流速。研究发现,障碍物对鱼类的临界游泳能力具有显著影响,而对幼鱼感应流速的影响仅在种类间表现出显著性差异。结果可为鱼类栖息场所和鱼道设计提供参考。
To understand the effects of the complex current environment created by different obstacles on the swimming ability of fish,juvenile black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus),Chinese barb(Spinibarbus sinensis),and long-finned kissing fish(Rhinogobio ventralis)were used as target species.Critical swimming speeds and changes in induced current speeds were measured by placing round,square,and semi-circular barriers in the swimming flume.The results showed that there was no significant difference(P>0.05)between the critical swimming speeds of juvenile black carp under no obstacle and semicircular obstacle.The critical swimming speeds were significantly reduced(P<0.05)under cylindrical and square obstacles,with U_(crit)^(a)reduced by 36.3%and 15.6%,and U_(crit)^(r)reduced by 34.9%and 15.3%,respectively.The U_(crit)^(r)of juvenile Chinese barb was(15.20±0.84)BL/s under square,which was 12.7%(P<0.05)lower compared to the control group(17.42±0.55)BL/s.The critical swimming speeds of juvenile long-finned kissing fish were significantly lower than those of the group with no obstacle in all the three types of obstacles(P<0.05).The effect was most pronounced in the group with a round type obstacle U_(crit)^(a)and U_(crit)^(r)were(62.83±7.52)cm/s,(8.17±0.73)BL/s.There was no significant difference in the induced flow velocity of juvenile black carp and Chinese barb with no obstacle and different types of obstacles(P>0.05).The induced flow velocity of juvenile long finned kissing fish was significantly different(P<0.05)under round and square type of obstacles.The flow-sensing velocity ranges for the three species were as follows:U_(ind)^(a)from 1.60 cm/s to 5.20 cm/s,and U_(ind)^(r)from 0.17 BL/s to 0.62 BL/s.In the same obstacle environment,the U_(crit)^(r)and U_(ind)^(r)values of juvenile Chinese barbs were significantly higher than those of juvenile black carp and long-finned kissing fish.The critical swimming speeds of all the three experimental fish species were higher than their flow-sensing velocities.This study found that obstacles and their types significantly affected the critical swimming ability of fish,whereas the impact on flow-sensing velocity was significant only among different species.These results provide a reference for fish habitat and fishway design.
作者
曾钰评
俞立雄
林小菊
吴池杰
王敏
段辛斌
朱峰跃
汪登强
ZENG Yuping;YU Lixiong;LIN Xiaoju;WU Chijie;WANG Min;DUAN Xinbin;ZHU Fengyue;WANG Dengqiang(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;School of Animal Science and Technology,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development,Ministry of Education,School of Life Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)
出处
《中国水产科学》
北大核心
2025年第6期849-858,共10页
Journal of Fishery Sciences of China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3205903)
国家自然科学基金项目(32202942)
中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2023TD09).
关键词
障碍物
青鱼
中华倒刺鲃
长鳍吻鮈
临界游泳速度
感应流速
obstacle
Mylopharyngodon piceus
Spinibarbus sinensis
Rhinogobio ventralis
critical swimming speed
induced flow velocity
作者简介
曾钰评(1999-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为鱼类行为学.E-mail:1991190042@qq.com;通信作者:汪登强,研究员,研究方向为渔业生态.E-mail:wdq@yfi.ac.cn。
