摘要
北宋神宗年间礼制层面取消禘祭而仅保留祫祭,是中国古代宗庙祭祀制度的一次重大变革。源自儒家经典的禘祫礼自西汉末年开始出现在宗庙祭祀中,之后王朝礼制实践中的禘祫年月安排屡经变更,更产生诸多争议纷纭的经学理论。汉末郑玄等人的经学理论及东晋以来的礼制旧制成为影响后世禘祫礼制实践与变更的重要因素。北宋时期,禘祫年月安排屡经变迁,几乎重现先前经义阐释与礼制实践所涉禘祫年月安排的各种情况,其变迁既有礼制旧制的影响,更源出礼官对禘祫经义理论的不同解读。神宗时期禘祭的废除,对禘祭经义内涵的重新阐释被神宗君臣接受仅可谓是一表象,实际上废除禘祭是由禘祫年月安排混乱所直接引发、多种因素共同导致的结果。最终通过废除禘祭,礼制层面彻底解决了延续千年的禘祫年月安排论争。
The abolition of the Di(禘)sacrifice and the retention of the Xia(祫)sacrifice during the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty was a major reform of the ancestral temple sacrificial system in ancient China.The Di and Xia ceremonies,had entered court practice in the late Western Han Dynasty.The theories from Zheng Xuan and other late Han scholars and the ritual precedents since the Eastern Jin Dynasty had significant impacts on the practice and change of Di and Xia ceremonies in later generations.During the Northern Song Dynasty,the intervals between each Di and Xia was not consistent,virtually replaying every earlier arrangement in various kinds of canonical exegesis and ritual practice in the history.These changes owed something to previous ritual norms,but even more to different understandings of the classics by court ritualists.The eventual abolition of Di sacrifice during Emperor Shenzong was not merely the acceptance of new interpretations in the Confucian Classic;but the direct consequence of the chaos in scheduling the Di and Xia,and by the convergence of multiple factors.Since the abolition of Di sacrifice,the everlasting controversy over the interval of Di and Xia was finally resolved at the ceremonial level.
出处
《文史哲》
北大核心
2025年第4期102-113,167,共13页
Literature,History,and Philosophy
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“郑玄与汉唐经学传统研究”(22JJD770007)的阶段性成果。
作者简介
马清源,山东省图书馆副研究馆员(山东济南250100),北京大学中国古代史研究中心兼职副研究员。
