摘要
【目的】从土壤温室气体排放和碳足迹角度,研究监控施肥技术结合不同覆膜方式的减排和增产效果,为旱地小麦绿色增产提供参考。【方法】施肥与覆膜长期定位试验位于山西省洪洞县,种植制度为冬小麦−夏休闲,设有不施肥、农户施肥、监控施肥、监控施肥+垄膜沟播和监控施肥+平膜穴播5个处理。于2018—2020年两个小麦季,测定分析小麦产量、经济效益,采用生命周期法估算麦田土壤温室气体排放量、温室气体增温潜势和温室气体排放强度,并计算麦田土壤碳足迹。【结果】与农户施肥处理相比,监控施肥处理的氮肥施用量减少了32.6%,小麦产量无显著差异;监控施肥处理显著降低了24.0%的温室气体排放量,而监控施肥+垄膜沟播和监控施肥+平膜穴播处理分别显著提高了12.0%和44.6%的温室气体排放量。氮肥的生产、运输和使用贡献了20.3%~57.9%的温室气体排放量;监控施肥+垄膜沟播和监控施肥+平膜穴播处理下的薄膜生产和使用是仅次于氮肥的第二大排放源,分别贡献了温室气体排放总量的40.6%和56.5%。与农户施肥相比,监控施肥处理还显著降低了碳足迹,降幅为16.2%,监控施肥+垄膜沟播和监控施肥+平膜穴播处理对碳足迹则无显著影响;监控施肥、监控施肥+垄膜沟播和监控施肥+平膜穴播处理均显著降低了温室气体排放强度,降幅分别为38.5%、53.1%和63.6%。与监控施肥处理相比,监控施肥+垄膜沟播和监控施肥+平膜穴播处理小麦籽粒产量分别显著提高了33.2%和69.7%,籽粒收入分别显著增加了33.2%和69.7%,纯收入分别增加了59.4%和135.8%。监控施肥+平膜穴播处理的产量和收益还显著高于监控施肥+垄膜沟播处理。此外,监控施肥+垄膜沟播和监控施肥+平膜穴播处理显著降低了温室气体排放强度,降幅分别为32.0%和49.2%。【结论】在监控施肥的基础上进行覆膜,进一步显著提高了小麦籽粒产量和经济效益,监控施肥+平膜穴播处理由于土地利用率高,增产增收效益更加显著,且相对垄作没有显著增加碳足迹,温室气体排放强度显著低于不覆膜的监控施肥处理。因此,监控施肥+平膜穴播是该区域实现作物绿色高产稳产的最佳措施。
【Objectives】From the perspective of soil greenhouse gas emission and carbon footprint,we studied the effects of monitored fertilization combined with different mulching methods on emission reduction and yield improvement to provide a reference for greening wheat production in drylands areas.【Methods】A long-term fertilization and mulching experiment was conducted in Hongdong County,Shanxi Province,and the cropping system was winter wheat-summer fallow,with five treatments:no fertilizer control,farmer’s practice(FP),monitoring fertilization(MF),nitrogen reduction monitoring and control fertilization plus ridge film and furrow sowing(RF),nitrogen reduction monitoring and control fertilization plus flat film and hole sowing(FH).During the two wheat seasons in 2018−2020,wheat yield and economic benefits were investigated,and the life cycle approach was used to estimate the greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,greenhouse gas warming potential and greenhouse gas emission intensity of wheat field soils,and to calculate the carbon footprint of wheat field soils.【Results】Compared to the FP treatment,the MF treatment achieved a 32.6%reduction in nitrogen fertilizer application while maintaining comparable wheat yields,along with significantly lowering GHG emissions by 24.0%.In contrast,the RF and FH treatments led to a significant increase in total GHG emissions by 12.0%and 44.6%,respectively.The production,transportation and application of nitrogen fertilizer contributed 20.3%−57.9%of total GHG emissions across treatments.Notably,plastic film usage under RF and FH treatments emerged as the second major emission source,accounting for 40.6%and 56.5%of total GHG emissions,respectively.Compared with FP,the MF treatment also significantly reduced the carbon footprint by 16.2%,while the RF and FH treatments had no significant effect on the carbon footprint;the MF,RF and FH treatments all significantly reduced the greenhouse gas emission intensity by 38.5%,53.1%and 63.6%,respectively.Compared with MF,RF and FH treatments significantly increased wheat grain yield by 33.2%and 69.7%,grain income by 33.2%and 69.7%,and net income by 59.4%and 135.8%,respectively,and the yield and income of FH treatment were also significantly higher than that of RF treatment.In addition,RF and FH treatments significantly reduced greenhouse gas emission intensity by 32.0%and 49.2%,respectively.【Conclusions】Film mulching on the basis of monitoring fertilization increased wheat grain yield and economic efficiency significantly.Nitrogen reduction monitoring and control fertilization plus flat film and hole sowing,owing to high land utilization efficiency,demonstrated even more remarkable yield and income benefits.Moreover,compared to nitrogen reduction monitoring and control fertilization plus ridge film and furrow sowing,it did not significantly raise the carbon footprint,and its greenhouse gas emission intensity was significantly lower than that of monitored fertilization without film mulching.Therefore,nitrogen reduction monitoring and control fertilization plus flat film and hole sowing is a optimal measure to achieve green,high and stable crop production in dryland regions.
作者
陈新茹
吴仪涵
罗云琪
喻航
曹蒙茹
伍展翔
李孟华
段成娇
李廷亮
曹寒冰
谢钧宇
CHEN Xin-ru;WU Yi-han;LUO Yun-qi;YU Hang;CAO Meng-ru;WU Zhan-xiang;LI Meng-hua;DUAN Cheng-jiao;LI Ting-liang;CAO Han-bing;XIE Jun-yu(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;National Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Nutrient Resources,Linyi,Shandong 276700,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期1532-1541,共10页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划子课题(2023YFD1900402)
山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302124153,202203021211278,202303021222050)
山西省科技创新人才团队专项(202304051001042)
2023年度中青年学术骨干出国(出境)留学项目。
关键词
小麦产量
监控施肥
垄膜沟播
平膜穴播
经济效益
碳足迹
温室气体排放强度
wheat grain yield
monitoring fertilization
ridge film and furrow sowing
flat film and hole sowing
economic efficiency
carbon footprint
greenhouse gas emission intensity
作者简介
陈新茹E-mail:18737882941@163.com;通信作者:曹寒冰,E-mail:caohanbing119@163.com;通信作者:谢钧宇,E-mail:xjy890621@163.com。
