摘要
非洲猪瘟(ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)感染引起猪的一种热性、出血性和高度接触性传染病。临床上,ASF以高热、皮肤发绀和多种脏器广泛出血等病理损伤为特征,具有极高的发病率和死亡率,严重危害全球养猪业。目前,该病尚无安全有效的疫苗和治疗药物,因而被世界动物卫生组织(WOAH)列为法定报告的动物疫病。ASFV主要靶向猪的单核吞噬细胞系统,包括巨噬细胞和单核细胞,常引发淋巴细胞耗竭以及靶细胞和旁细胞死亡,其中细胞凋亡是关键的死亡形式之一。研究已证实,诱导细胞凋亡是ASFV重要的致病机制,与其引起的病理损伤密切相关。ASFV基因组庞大且可编码众多蛋白,尽管许多蛋白功能尚待探索,但已有证据显示,ASFV能够通过编码多种病毒蛋白来精细调控宿主细胞的凋亡过程。在病毒感染的早期阶段,ASFV抑制细胞凋亡以促进病毒复制;而在感染后期,ASFV诱导细胞凋亡以利于子代病毒的释放和传播,并帮助病毒逃逸宿主的免疫应答,反映了ASFV在不同复制阶段对细胞凋亡调控的复杂性。本文旨在综述ASFV的概况、细胞凋亡的特征及其发生机制,以及ASFV调控细胞凋亡的分子机制,以期为该病毒的基础研究和科学防控提供参考。
African swine fever(ASF)is a febrile,hemorrhagic,and highly contagious disease in pigs caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV).Clinically,ASF is characterized by high fever,cyanosis of the skin,and widespread hemorrhagic lesions in multiple organs,with extremely high morbidity and mortality rates,posing a serious threat to the global pig industry.As of now,there is no safe and effective vaccine or treatment available,and ASF has been listed as a notifiable disease by the World Organisation for Animal Health(WOAH).ASFV primarily targets the mononuclear phagocyte system in pigs,including macrophages and monocytes,often leading to lymphocyte depletion and death of both target and bystander cells—apoptosis being a key mode of cell death.Studies have confirmed that inducing apoptosis is a critical pathogenic mechanism of ASFV and is closely associated with its pathological damage.ASFV has a large genome capable of encoding numerous proteins.Although the functions of many viral proteins remain to be fully elucidated,existing evidence indicates that ASFV can finely regulate host cell apoptosis through multiple viral proteins.In the early stage of infection,ASFV inhibits apoptosis to facilitate viral replication;in later stages,it promotes apoptosis to aid the release and spread of progeny viruses and to evade host immune responses.This dual-phase modulation underscores the complex role of apoptosis regulation throughout the ASFV replication cycle.This paper reviews the characteristics and mechanisms of apoptosis,the basic biology of ASFV,and the molecular mechanisms by which ASFV regulates host cell apoptosis,providing a theoretical foundation for future research and control strategies against ASFV.
作者
李强
高鹏
周琼琼
周磊
盖新娜
韩军
郭鑫
张永宁
杨汉春
LI Qiang;GAO Peng;ZHOU Qiongqiong;ZHOU Lei;GE Xinna;HAN Jun;GUO Xin;ZHANG Yongning;YANG Hanchun(National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety,College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《中国兽医杂志》
北大核心
2025年第9期108-118,共11页
Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine
基金
“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1800100)
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-35)
中国农业大学2115人才工程资助。
作者简介
李强(2001-),男,硕士生,主要从事非洲猪瘟病毒诱导宿主细胞凋亡的分子机制研究,E-mail:15610084830@163.com;通信作者:张永宁,E-mail:zhangyongning@cau.edu.cn。
