摘要
重金属是辽河口湿地的主要污染物之一。为探究退养还湿工程对土壤重金属质量分数的影响,选择辽河口的养殖鱼塘、退养恢复的角果碱蓬(Suaeda corniculata)沼泽为研究对象,以天然盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)沼泽、天然芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽为对照,测定土壤重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr和Mn)质量分数。通过地质累积指数法和Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对土壤进行重金属污染评价。结果表明:由地质累积指数和潜在生态风险指数综合分析可知,Pb是4种沼泽中的主要重金属污染物,其次是Cu,而Zn、Cr和Mn为轻度污染。4种样地的综合潜在生态危害风险等级均为中度,其中养殖鱼塘的风险最高,综合潜在生态危害风险指数为33.79。通过对比恢复前后土壤重金属质量分数,发现养殖鱼塘中Cu、Pb和Cr的质量分数显著高于恢复后的角果碱蓬沼泽,表明退养还湿工程可有效降低土壤重金属质量分数;而Mn和Zn的质量分数则在养殖鱼塘中最低,推测其更受植物根系固定和土壤有机质的影响。
Heavy metals are one of the primary pollutants in Liaohe Estuary Wetlands.To explore the impact of aquaculture withdrawal and wetland restoration projects on soil heavy metal mass fractions,aquaculture fishponds and restored Suaeda corniculata marshes in the Liaohe Estuary were selected as research objects,with natural Suaeda salsa marshes and natural Phragmites australis marshes as controls.Mass fractions of soil heavy metals(Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,and Mn)were measured.Heavy metal pollution assessment of soils was conducted using the geo-accumulation index method and Hakanson’s potential ecological risk index method.The results showed that comprehensive analysis based on the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index indicated that Pb was the main heavy metal pollutant in the four types of marshes,followed by Cu,while Zn,Cr,and Mn presented mild pollution.The comprehensive potential ecological risk grades of the four sample plots were all moderate,with aquaculture fishponds exhibiting the highest risk(comprehensive potential ecological risk index:33.79).By comparing soil heavy metal mass fractions before and after restoration,it was found that the mass fractions of Cu,Pb,and Cr in aquaculture fishponds were significantly higher than those in restored S.corniculata marshes,indicating that aquaculture withdrawal and wetland restoration projects can effectively reduce soil heavy metal mass fractions.Conversely,the mass fractions of Mn and Zn were the lowest in aquaculture fishponds,suggesting that they are more affected by plant root fixation and soil organic matter.
作者
江士锐
胡艳玲
李东
金辛
孙晓新
Jiang Shirui;Hu Yanling;Li Dong;Jin Xin;Sun Xiaoxin(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China;Panjin Ecological and Environmental Protection Service Center)
出处
《东北林业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第10期100-107,共8页
Journal of Northeast Forestry University
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32371614)
东北林业大学碳中和专项基金项目。
关键词
辽河口湿地
养殖鱼塘
湿地恢复
土壤重金属
Liaohe estuary wetland
Fishponds
Wetland restoration
Soil heavy metals
作者简介
第一作者:江士锐,男,1999年11月生,东北林业大学林学院、森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室(东北林业大学),硕士研究生。E-mail:jiangshirui@nefu.edu.cn;通信作者:孙晓新,东北林业大学林学院、森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室(东北林业大学)、黑龙江三江平原湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,副教授。E-mail:sunxiaoxin@nefu.edu.cn。
