摘要
1945年世界反法西斯战争胜利后,德国虽然对纳粹进行了清算,但是对历史罪责的反思经历了曲折的历程。在战后初期,亲身经历纳粹统治的德国民众对历史罪责普遍采取沉默与回避态度。战后出生的青年一代成长起来后,在1968年学生运动的推动下,德国官方开始认真反思纳粹历史。1970年勃兰特总理的“华沙之跪”,成为德国反思历史罪责的重要标志。进入20世纪80年代后,在德国总统魏茨泽克的公开呼吁和“历史学家之争”的推动下,德国社会逐步直面历史,最终以立法形式确认了历史罪责反思的成果。进入21世纪后,在全球化、移民潮和社会多元化的背景下,德国对历史罪责的反思屡经波折,经历了“第二次历史学家之争”的考验,但其不断走向深入的总趋势已不可阻挡。德国民众对纳粹历史罪责的反思历程,成为反映战后德国政治、社会与意识形态发展的一面镜子。
After the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War in 1945,Germany dismantled the Nazi regime,but the process of confronting its historical responsibility was not immediate.In the early post-war years,many Germans who lived through the Nazi regime chose silence and avoidance in addressing the issue of their historical culpability.It was not until the post-war generation came of age,influenced by the student movements of 1968,that the German government began to confront its past more openly.A significant moment in this process came in 1970,when Chancellor Willy Brandt's symbolic kneeling in Warsaw became a powerful gesture of atonement.By the 1980s,following president Richard von Weizs cker's public addresses and deepening debates among historians,German society further acknowledged its history.This reflection gradually found formal expression in legislation.In the 21st century,against the backdrop of globalization,immigration and social diversification,German's reflection on historical guilt has faced numerous challenges and undergone the test of the“Second Historians’Dispute”,yet the overall trend toward deeper reflection has remained strong and has earned broad recognition internationally.This ongoing process of historical reflection also demonstrated the broader social,political,and ideological development of post-war Germany.
作者
谭渊
望路
TAN Yuan;WANG Lu(School of Foreign Languages,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei,430074,China)
出处
《史学集刊》
北大核心
2025年第5期51-61,共11页
Collected Papers of History Studies
基金
教育部长江学者奖励计划青年学者项目(Q2022160)。
作者简介
谭渊,华中科技大学外国语学院教授、博士生导师,研究方向为德国文化、中德文化交流史;望路,华中科技大学外国语学院博士研究生。
