摘要
随着工业化高速发展,农田抗生素-重金属复合污染问题日益严重,威胁农产品安全和人体健康。然而,目前人们对抗生素-重金属复合污染在土壤-农作物体系中的迁移、转化、吸收和累积等环境行为,及其对土壤生物和农作物的毒性效应缺乏全面认识,制约了农田土壤抗生素-重金属复合污染治理策略的制定。本文评述了中国农田抗生素-重金属复合污染现状,及其在土壤-农作物体系中的环境归趋和毒性效应。已有研究表明,中国农田土壤存在抗生素-重金属复合污染,主要污染源为畜禽粪肥施用、污水灌溉和农药使用。抗生素与重金属可形成稳定络合物,其环境行为受土壤有机质、pH及离子竞争影响,植物吸收后主要富集于根部并向地上部分转移,叶菜类作物富集能力高于豆类。复合污染通过共抗性机制加剧抗生素抗性基因与重金属抗性基因的传播。复合污染的毒理学效应也更复杂,呈现协同、拮抗或累加效应,导致土壤微生物多样性降低、土壤动物生理功能紊乱以及作物氧化应激损伤,影响农作物生长与品质。但目前的研究仅报道了少数几种重金属、抗生素和农作物种类的短期结果,不同剂量和不同组合结果的差异尚不明确。建议未来一方面聚焦抗生素-重金属风险阈值与精准管控研究,通过建立动态评估模型明确安全阈值,开发农业投入品溯源技术和污染修复匹配体系,实现受污染耕地的安全利用;另一方面,应加强不同组合复合污染相关机制解析研究,针对抗生素和重金属组合形成的不同络合物,进行细胞、分子和基因层面的环境归趋和毒性效应机制探索,以及环境因子影响机制研究,突破共抗性基因传播规律研究,同时培育和筛选共抗性农作物品种,为农田抗生素-重金属复合污染风险精准管控和农业绿色发展提供理论支撑。
With the rapid development of industry,the issue of combined antibiotic-heavy metal contamination in farmland has become increasingly severe,threatening agricultural product safety and human health.However,current understanding of the environmental behaviors(migration,transformation,uptake,and accumulation)of combined antibiotic-heavy metal contamination in soil-crop systems and their toxic effects on soil organisms and crops remains incomplete,hindering the formulation of governance strategies for such contamination in farmland soils.This review reports on the current status of combined antibiotic-heavy metal contamination in Chinese farmland and the environmental fate and toxic effects in soil-crop systems.Existing studies show that combined contamination is observed in farmland soils,primarily sourced from livestock manure application,sewage irrigation,and pesticide use.Antibiotics and heavy metals can form stable complexes,whose environmental behaviors are influenced by soil organic matter,pH,and ion competition;after plant uptake,they mainly accumulate in roots and transfer to aboveground parts,with leafy vegetables exhibiting significantly higher enrichment capacity than legumes.Combined contamination exacerbates the spread of antibiotic resistance genes and heavy metal resistance genes through co-resistance mechanisms.Its toxicological effects are also more complex,presenting synergistic,antagonistic,or additive effects,leading to reduced soil microbial diversity,dysfunction of soil animal physiology,and oxidative stress damage in crops,thereby affecting crop growth and quality.However,current research has only reported short-term results for a few types of heavy metals,antibiotics,and crops,with unclear differences in outcomes under different doses and combinations.Future research is recommended in the aspects as follow:(1)Focusing on risk thresholds and precise management of combined antibiotic-heavy metal contamination,clarify safety thresholds through dynamic assessment models,develop traceability technologies for agricultural inputs and matching systems for pollution remediation,and achieve safe utilization of contaminated arable land;(2)Strengthening mechanistic studies on combined contamination under different combinations,exploring the environmental fate and toxic effect mechanisms at cellular,molecular,and genetic levels for different complexes formed by antibiotics and heavy metals,investigating the influencing mechanisms of environmental factors,advancing understanding of co-resistance gene transmission patterns,and cultivating and screening co-resistant crop varieties-thereby providing theoretical support for precise risk management of combined antibiotic-heavy metal contamination in farmland and promoting green agricultural development.
作者
贺泽婧
方利平
刘传平
黄耀
HE Zejing;FANG Liping;LIU Chuanping;HUANG Yao(Foshan University,College of Agriculture and Bioengineering,Foshan 528000,China;Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management,Guangzhou 510650,China)
出处
《岩矿测试》
北大核心
2025年第4期658-668,共11页
Rock and Mineral Analysis
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3709700)
韶关市省科技创新战略专项项目(230225176275072)
广东省重点研发计划项目(2023B0202010027)
广东省科技计划项目(2023B1212060044)
广州市科技计划项目(2023B03J1286)。
关键词
农田
重金属
抗生素
复合污染
环境归趋
毒性效应
farmland
heavy metals
antibiotics
co-contamination
environmental fate
toxic effects
作者简介
第一作者:贺泽婧,硕士研究生,农艺与种业专业。E-mail:hzejing0415@126.com;通信作者:黄耀,博士,副研究员,从事环境地球化学研究。E-mail:hyao2013@126.com。
