摘要
【目的】对比不同栽植密度下多主干半圆形和斜拉树形榛树的产量、果实品质、叶片光合特性等指标,探索栽植密度及树形对榛子生长结果特性的影响,以期为提升榛子产业化水平提供参考。【方法】测定达维榛子多主干半圆形(2 m×3 m、1 m×3 m)、斜拉树形(1 m×3 m)的果实经济性状、叶片光合及生理特性、枝条组成等指标。研究不同栽植密度及树形对榛子产量、果实品质等的影响。【结果】榛子栽培密度变小,多主干半圆树形榛果单果质量、单株产量、出仁率有所提高,斜拉树形虽栽植密度大,其单果质量、单株产量、出仁率却最高。斜拉树形果实淀粉、总糖及蛋白质含量均高于2 m×3 m、1 m×3 m栽植密度的多主干半圆形树形。不同树形相比,在不同月份测定榛树叶片的光合速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度、蒸腾速率,气孔导度均以1 m×3 m的斜拉树形为最大。多主干半圆形栽植密度降低,叶绿素a含量下降,叶绿素b含量上升,叶片厚度及百叶重逐渐增加,1 m×3 m斜拉树形叶绿素a,总叶绿素,叶片厚度及百叶重最大。不同树形榛子总枝数及成枝能力各不相同。斜拉树形总枝量最大,为197.5条,树势中庸,短枝占比最大为69.8%,1 m×3 m多主干半圆树形树势最强,榛子长枝和中枝形成最多,短枝最少,成花较差。【结论】榛树采用斜拉树形,树体形成扇面,光照效果极好,树体年生长量缓和,枝条多以中短枝为主,容易成花,且提高了榛果产量,改善了果实品质,可在生产中应用。
【Objective】To compare the indexes such as yield,fruit quality,and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of Hazelnut trees with multi-main trunk semi-circular shape and inclined pulling tree shape under different planting densities,and explore the influence of planting density and tree shape on the growth and fruiting characteristics of hazelnuts,so as to provide a reference for improving the industrialization level of hazelnuts.【Methods】The fruit economic traits,leaf photosynthetic and physiological characteristics,and branch composition of Davy hazelnuts with multi-main trunk semi-circular shape(2 m×3 m,1 m×3 m)and inclined pulling tree shape(1 m×3 m)were measured.The effects of different planting densities and tree shapes on the yield and fruit quality of hazelnuts were studied.【Results】When the planting density of hazelnuts decreased,the single fruit weight,single plant yield,and kernel rate of hazelnuts with the multi-main trunk semi-circular shape increased.Although the inclined pulling tree shape had a large planting density,its single fruit weight,single plant yield,and kernel rate were the highest.The contents of starch,total sugar,and protein in the fruits of the inclined pulling tree shape were higher than those of the multi-main trunk semi-circular shape with planting densities of 2 m×3 m and 1 m×3 m.When different tree shapes were compared,the photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO_(2) concentration,and transpiration rate of the leaves of hazelnuts measured in different months were the largest in the inclined pulling tree shape with a planting density of 1m×3m.When the planting density of the multi-main trunk semi-circular shape decreased,the content of chlorophyll a decreased,the content of chlorophyll b increased,and the leaf thickness and the weight of 100 leaves gradually increased.The content of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, leaf thickness, and the weight of 100 leaves of the inclined pulling tree shape with a planting density of 1 m×3 m were the largest. The total number of branches and the branching ability of hazelnuts were different for different tree shapes. The total number of branches of the inclined pulling tree shape was the largest, which was 197.5, and the tree vigor was moderate. The proportion of short branches was the largest, which was 69.8%. The tree vigor of the multi-main trunk semi-circular shape with a planting density of 1 m×3 m was the strongest, the number of long branches and medium branches of hazelnuts was the largest, the number of short branches was the least, and the flower formation was poor. 【Conclusion】 When the inclined pulling tree shape is adopted for hazelnuts, the tree body forms a fan shape, and the light effect is excellent. The annual growth amount of the tree body is moderate, and the branches are mainly medium and short branches, which is easy to form flowers. Moreover, it can increase the yield of hazelnut fruits and improve the fruit quality, and can be applied in production.
作者
梁春莉
王述
于立杰
LIANG Chunli;WANG Shu;YU Lijie(Liaoning Agricultural Vocational and Technical College,Yingkou Liaoning 115009,China)
出处
《果树资源学报》
2025年第5期57-62,共6页
Journal of Fruit Resources
基金
辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(JYTMS20230983)。
关键词
榛子
密植
斜拉树形
果实性状
生理特性
枝条特性
hazelnut
dense planting
inclined pulling tree shape
fruit traits
physiological characteristics
branch charac-teristics
作者简介
第一作者:梁春莉(1979-),女,博士,副教授,主要从事植物生物学研究;通信作者:于立杰(1979-),男,副教授,主要从事果树栽培生理研究。
