摘要
【目的】通过测定不同采收期套袋苹果和不套袋苹果的糖酸含量、硬度、维生素C等品质指标,探讨采收期对套袋果和不套袋果品质的影响,为苹果采收期的选择提供理论依据。【方法】以阿克苏红富士苹果为研究对象,设置套袋苹果和不套袋苹果两组,根据当地苹果成熟情况和气候情况,从2024年9月28日—11月15日约每4 d采果1次,对采摘果实的维生素C含量、总酸、总糖、硬度、可溶性固形物质量分数、单果质量等指标进行测定,比较分析不同采摘期套袋红富士和不套袋红富士苹果各品质指标的变化。【结果】套袋苹果在10月中旬硬度降到了7.6 kg/cm^(2),总酸含量为2.6 g/kg、总糖含量为10.5 mg/hg、可溶性固形物质量分数为13.8%、维生素C含量为9.65 mg/hg)、糖酸比为41.6。不套袋果在11月初果实硬度降到7.6 kg/cm^(2)、总酸含量为2.0(g/kg)、总糖含量为12.0(mg/hg)、可溶性固形物质量分数为15.4%,维生素C含量为10.0 mg/hg、糖酸比为59.7。同一个采收期套袋苹果与不套袋苹果维生素C含量的最大差异为0.6 mg/hg,总糖含量的差异为0.76 mg/hg、可溶性固形物质量分数的差异为1.2%,硬度的差异为1.42 kg/cm2,糖酸比差异为3.4。【结论】在阿克苏地区,红富士苹果套袋处理结合当年的气候变化在10月中下旬采摘,果实口感品质较好、贮藏期较长;不套袋果在11月初采摘会有较好的口感品质和贮藏期。
【Objective】Quality indicators such as sugar and acid content,firmness,and vitamin C of bagged and nonbagged apples are measured at different harvest times to explore the impact of harvest period on their quality to provide a theoretical basis for selecting the appropriate harvest time for apples by examining how different harvest periods affect the quality of bagged and non-bagged apples.【Methods】Taking Aksu Red Fuji apple as the research object,two groups of bagged apples and unbagged apples were set up.According to the local apple maturity and climate conditions,the fruits were harvested every 4 days from September 28 to November 15,2024.The changes of vitamin C content,total acid,total sugar,hardness,soluble solids mass fraction and single fruit weight were measured,and the changes of quality indexes of bagged and unbagged Red Fuji apples in different picking periods were compared and analyzed.【Results】The results showed that the hardness of bagged apples decreased to 7.6 kg/cm^(2) in mid-October,the total acid content was 2.6 g/kg,the total sugar content was 10.5 mg/hg,the soluble solids content was 13.8%,the vitamin C content was 9.65 mg/hg),and the sugar-acid ratio was 41.6.In early November,the hardness of unbagged fruit decreased to 7.6 kg/cm2,the total acid content was 2.0(g/kg),the total sugar content was 12.0 mg/hg,the soluble solids content was 15.4%,the vitamin C content was 10.0 mg/hg,and the sugar-acid ratio was 59.7.The maximum difference of vitamin C content between bagged apples and unbagged apples in the same harvest period was 0.6 mg/hg,the difference of total sugar content was 0.76 mg/hg,the difference of soluble solids content was 1.2%, the difference of hardness was 1.42 kg/cm^(2), and the difference of sugar-acid ratio was 3.4. Different harvest periods have a significant effect on the quality of apples. Timely harvest can improve the taste, nutritional value and storage period of apples. 【Conclusion】 In Aksu area, the red Fuji apple bagged treatment combined with the climate change of the year was picked in the middle and late October, and the fruit taste quality was better and the storage period was longer. Non-bagged fruits picked in early November will have better taste quality and storage period.
作者
古丽巴努尔·阿不都外力
牛莹莹
杨俊翔
李娟
GULIBANUER Abuduwaili;NIU Yingying;YANG Junxiang;LI Juan(Inspection and Testing Center of Aksu Region,Aksu Xinjiang 843000,China)
出处
《果树资源学报》
2025年第5期32-36,共5页
Journal of Fruit Resources
基金
阿克苏地区科技兴阿项目(2023KJXA20)。
关键词
苹果
采收期
套袋果
不套袋果
品质
apple
harvesting time
bagged apples
unbagged apples
apple quality
作者简介
第一作者:古丽巴努尔·阿不都外力(1990-),女,工程师,主要从事食品科学与工程研究;通信作者:李娟(1990-),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事农产品加工与质量安全研究。
