摘要
[目的]探索秋冬作物+百色黑鲤(Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus)这种稻鱼复合种养轮作技术模式的可行性,以推进农业高效健康发展。[方法]开展不同冬田开发利用模式的生产试验,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组均为秋冬作物+稻鱼种养,对照Ⅲ组(冬田养鱼+稻鱼)和对照Ⅳ组(冬田闲置+稻鱼),对比不同试验组百色黑鲤的产量、单位纯收益、产出比等指标;通过调查统计评价2021—2024年不同稻鱼复合种养模式的实际种养面积以及鱼病防治效果。[结果]不同的冬田开发方式对百色黑鲤稻鱼复合种养效益有不同影响,2023年试验Ⅰ组、对照Ⅲ组和对照Ⅳ组各组的单位产量、单位纯收益、产出比依次为:919.5、754.2、850.5 kg/hm^(2),6.5万、5.22万、5.98万元/hm^(2),8.55、7.44、8.29;试验Ⅰ组产出比最佳。近4年稻鱼轮作模式(秋冬作物+稻鱼、冬田闲置+稻鱼)的养殖面积持续扩大,且鱼病致死率(2024年分别为1.8%、1.5%)远低于传统稻鱼连作种养模式(2024年8.6%)。[结论]利用秋冬作物栽培田开展稻鱼复合种养可以有效提高稻鱼种养效益,轮作的稻鱼种养模式对养殖病害防治有显著效果,可以促进农业资源合理配置和有效利用。
[Objectives]The feasibility of compound farming and rotation technology model of rice and fish with autumn and winter crops+Baise black carp(Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus)was studied to promote the efficient and healthy development of the agricultural industry.[Methods]Production experiments with different modes of developing and utilizing winter field including autumn and winter crops+rice and fish farming(experiment group Ⅰ and Ⅱ),winter field fish farming+rice and fish farming(control group Ⅲ),and winter field idle+rice and fish farming(control group Ⅳ)were conducted.Indexes including the unit yield,unit income increase,and output ratio of Baise black carp in different experimental groups were compared.The actual area of planting and farming and the effects of preventing and controlling fish diseases under different compound planting and farming models of rice and fish were evaluated through survey and statistical works.[Results]Different development methods of winter fields had varying impacts on the benefits of compound farming Baise black carp and rice.The unit yield,unit income increase,and output ratio in experimental group Ⅰ,control group Ⅲ,and control group Ⅳ in 2023 was 919.5,754.2,and 850.5 kg/hm^(2),65000,52200,and 59800 yuan/hm^(2),and 8.55,7.44,and 8.29,respectively.Experiment group Ⅰ had the best output ratio.The planting and farming area under the rotation mode of rice and fish(autumn and winter crops+rice and fish farming,winter idle fields+rice and fish farming)continued to expand from 2021 to 2024,and the mortality rate of fish diseases(1.8%and 1.5%in 2024,respectively)was much lower than that under the traditional mode of continuously cropping rice and fish(8.6%in 2024).[Conclusions]The use of fields in cultivating autumn and winter crops to carry out the compound farming of rice and fish can effectively improve the efficiency of rice and fish farming.The model of rotation and farming rice and fish has a significant effect on the prevention and control of farming diseases,which can promote the rational allocation and effective utilization of agricultural resources.
作者
何兴农
梁凤梅
廖东发
黄钰叶
蒙兰丽
HE Xingnong;LIANG Fengmei;LIAO Dongfa;HUANG Yuye;MENG Lanli(Baise Agriculture,Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Technology Promotion Center,Guangxi Province,Baise 533000,China;Tiandong County Aquatic Technology Promotion Station,Guangxi Province,Tiandong 531500,China)
出处
《养殖与饲料》
2025年第9期31-37,共7页
Animals Breeding and Feed
基金
广西百色市科技计划项目(百科字〔2024〕33号)。
关键词
秋冬作物
百色黑鲤
稻鱼种养
旱水轮作
鱼病监测
autumn and winter crops
Baise black carp(Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus)
rice and fish farming
dry-water rotation
monitoring of fish diseases
作者简介
何兴农,男,1970年生,高级水产工程师。
