摘要
矿山开采和道路建设等人类工程活动导致大量高陡岩质边坡裸露,易引发植被破坏、视觉污染、生态退化及边坡失稳等一系列复合型生态问题,已成为国土空间综合整治的重点关注对象。笔者聚焦于高陡岩质边坡植被重建技术,分析高陡岩质边坡植被重建的原理和难点,针对固土这一关键环节,根据不同的固土原理,归纳为物理挡土、化学黏土和生物固土3种固土方法。物理挡土通过布设设施构件;化学黏土通过改良基材特性;生物固土通过植物根系稳定土壤;共同提升坡面稳定性和植被重建效果。在此基础上,系统梳理3种固土方法的研究进展及应用现状,总结基于复合型固土模式的植被重建技术,提出未来相关研究应在深化固土与植物协同机制、优化区域适应与技术体系和强化智能监测与长效评估的方向发展,以期为相关研究与实践提供参考依据。
[Background]Human engineering activities such as mining and road construction cause a large number of exposed high and steep rocky slopes,which easily lead to a series of complex ecological problems,and have become the focus of comprehensive territorial space management.The restoration of vegetation on these slopes is particularly challenging due to poor substrate conditions,low water retention,and steep gradients that hinder plant establishment and growth.Addressing these challenges requires effective soil stabilization techniques to create conditions conducive to vegetation recovery.This study aims to address these issues by focusing on the vegetation reconstruction techniques for these slopes.[Methods]The study conducted a systematic literature review by rock slopes”“soil stabilization”and“vegetation restoration”.These keywords were selected to cover both engineering and ecological aspects.Studies lacking relevance to slope environments or empirical support were excluded.The selected literature was analyzed and categorized by the type of soil retention method.[Results]1)The study systematically summarized the research progress and current applications,categorizing soil retention methods into three approaches:physical soil retention(e.g.,anchor nets and geotextiles)for mechanical slope reinforcement;chemical soil improvement(e.g.,polymer binders and soil conditioners)for enhancing substrate cohesion and water retention;and biological soil reinforcement(using plant roots and microbial activity)for anchoring soil and improving soil fertility.2)An integrated approach combining these methods yielded the best results,achieving higher vegetation coverage,reduced soil erosion rates,and improved substrate quality.Despite these advances,challenges remained,such as the high costs of physical stabilization structures,the environmental risks associated with some chemical stabilizers and the scalability of biological techniques.These findings underscored the need for a balanced,sustainable,and site-specific approach to soil stabilization.3)The research suggested that the integration of multiple soil retention techniques was becoming a trend,particularly in complex geological conditions,and called for further optimization of the soil retention methods and their adaptability to enhance the efficiency,long-term stability,and environmental compatibility of ecological restoration efforts.The study concluded that future research should focus on deepening cooperative mechanism between soil consolidation and plants,optimizing regional adaptation and technical system,and strengthening intelligent monitoring and long-term evaluation.[Conclusions]This study confirms that integrating physical,chemical,and biological soil retention methods provided a more effective approach to vegetation restoration on high and steep rocky slopes.These findings provide a reference for addressing the background question of how to restore vegetation under poor substrate conditions and steep gradients.
作者
吴和秋
赵龙
杨雨荷
张小明
徐礼根
WU Heqiu;ZHAO Long;YANG Yuhe;ZHANG Xiaoming;XU Ligen(Zhejiang Engineering Geophysical Prospecting and Design Institute Co.,310005,Hangzhou,China;College of Agriculture&Biotechnology,Zhejiang University,310058,Hangzhou,China)
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
北大核心
2025年第4期12-22,共11页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
浙江省自然资源厅自然资源科技项目“高陡岩质边坡不同工艺条件下固土及生态修复效果研究”(2023-66)。
关键词
高陡岩质边坡
植被重建
生态修复
固土
基质
high and steep rocky slopes
vegetation restoration
ecological restoration
soil consolidation
substrate
作者简介
第一作者:吴和秋(1977-),男,硕士,正高级工程师。主要研究方向:矿山生态修复。E-mail:76273572@qq.com;通信作者:赵龙(1988-),男,学士,高级工程师。主要研究方向:地质灾害防治和矿山生态修复。E-mail:815623674@qq.com。
