晚清中国学者的世界认知与“学术戍边”

Chinese Scholars'World Cognition and“Academic Frontier Defense”in the Late Qing Dynasty

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摘要晚清学者的“学术戍边”行为是伴随其世界认知的不断深入而次第展开的。鸦片战争爆发后,明末以来传入的西方近代地理学知识促使林则徐、魏源等人自觉编译近代地理学著作,部分学者的夷夏观念和中国中心观发生动摇,他们主动了解“夷情”开启对世界的全新认知,拉开了“学术戍边”的序幕。十九世纪初,欧洲的东方学兴起,探险家来华考察,刺激了中国“经世致用”的传统学术理念,推动了中国边疆史地学向近代具有“戍边”意义的研究转型。第二次鸦片战争失败后,《万国公法》的传入改变了中国学界对于国际秩序的认知,清廷在救亡图存的过程中逐步重视爱国学者的学术成果,并将其应用于边疆领土守卫和外交谈判的实践中。宋教仁所著的《间岛问题》成功地守卫了延边地区的领土主权,将晚清中国学者的“学术戍边”推向了巅峰。 The Chinese scholars'“academic frontier defense”behavior in the late Qing Dynasty was carried out in succession with the continuous deepening of their world cognition.After the outbreak of the Opium War,the introduction to Western modern geography knowledge since the end of the Ming Dynasty prompted Lin Zexu,Wei Yuan,and others to consciously compile modern geography works.Some scholars'concepts of Yi and Xia and China-centered views were shaken,and they took the initiative to learn about the“barbarian situation”and opened up a new understanding of the world,thus initiating the prelude to“academic frontier defense”.At the beginning of the 19th century,Orientalism emerged in Europe,and explorers came to China to investigate,stimulating China's traditional academic concept of“practical application”and promoting the transformation of Chinese frontier history and geography towards modern research with“frontier defense”significance.After the failure of the Second Opium War,the introduction to the Law of Nations changed the Chinese academic circles'understanding of the international order.The process of saving the nation from subjugation and seeking survival,the Qing court gradually valued the academic achievements of patriotic scholars and applied them to the practice of defending frontier territory and diplomatic negotiations.Song Jiaoren's The Problem of the Peninsula successfully defended the territorial sovereignty of the Yanbian region,pushing the“academic frontier defense”of the late Qing Chinese scholars to its peak.

作者张丹丹 ZHANG Dan-dan(School of History and Culture,Jilin Normal University,Siping,Jilin,136000,PRC)

机构地区吉林师范大学历史文化学院

出处《西北师大学报(社会科学版)》北大核心 2025年第5期115-123,共9页 Journal of Northwest Normal University(Social Sciences)

基金国家社会科学基金一般项目“近代以来日本学者的‘学术犯边’与中国学者的‘学术戍边’研究”(19BSS049)。

关键词晚清世界认知 “学术戍边” 边疆史地 Late Qing Dynasty world cognition “academic frontier defense” frontier history and geography

分类号 K25 [历史地理—中国史] D691 [政治法律—中外政治制度]

作者简介张丹丹(1979-),女,吉林松原人,历史学博士,吉林师范大学副教授,从事清史、东亚史研究。