摘要
广西壮族自治区是我国南方重要的集体林区和木材战略储备基地,其林业生产的可持续发展对于保障国家木材安全及实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义。然而,高强度经营导致人工林出现土壤肥力下降、酸化加剧等问题,且这些问题日益突出。以广西壮族自治区半湿润红壤区(以雅长林场为主)为研究对象,基于2023年的土壤养分数据,运用空间分析方法,探究人工林土壤肥力现状及空间分布特征,旨在为测土配方施肥技术应用提供科学依据。研究结果显示:研究区土壤整体呈强酸性(pH值为4.84),有机质质量分数(23.14 g/kg)和速效钾质量分数(61.29 mg/kg)处于中下水平,碱解氮质量分数(120.49 mg/kg)为中上水平,有效磷质量分数(1.61 mg/kg)极低。从空间分布来看,pH高值区集中在乐业县西部和隆林各族自治县东部,有机质与碱解氮高值区分布于隆林各族自治县和西林县,而有效磷在研究区普遍匮乏。与历史数据相比,研究区土壤酸化持续加重(pH值较2013年降低了0.35),有机质和速效钾质量分数虽高于历史均值,但较2019年有所下降。该研究为红壤区人工林精准施肥和可持续经营提供了理论支撑。未来,需要结合长期动态监测及生物因子评估,进一步优化管理策略。
As an important collective forest region and strategic timber reserve base in southern China,the sustainable development of forestry production in Guangxi is of great significance for ensuring national timber security and achieving the"dual carbon"goals.However,high-intensity management has led to high-intensity management including declining soil fertility and intensified acidification.This study focuses on the semi-humid red soil region of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(primarily the Yachang Forest Farm),utilizing 2023 soil nutrient data and spatial analysis methods to investigate the current status and spatial distribution characteristics of soil fertility in plantations,aiming to provide a scientific basis for soil testing and formulated fertilization techniques.The results indicate that the soils in the study area are predominantly strongly acidic(pH 4.84),with organic matter(23.14 g/kg)and available potassium(61.29 mg/kg)at medium-low levels,alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen(120.49 mg/kg)at a medium-high level,and an extremely low level of available phosphorus(1.61 mg/kg).Spatial distribution analysis reveals that areas with pH high-value zones are concentrated in western Leye County and eastern Longlin Ethnic Autonomous County,while higher organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen levels are found in Longlin Ethnic Autonomous County and Xilin county,with available phosphorus being universally deficient across the study area.Compared to historical data,soil acidification in the study area continues to intensify(with a 0.35-unit pH decrease since 2013),and although organic matter and available potassium levels remain higher than historical averages,these parameters have declined since 2019.Considering the regional characteristics of low temperatures,limited rainfall,and low soil fertility,it is recommended to optimize the fertilizer formula for eucalyptus plantations to N∶P∶K=13∶8∶9,combined with comprehensive measures such as increasing organic fertilizer application,using slow-release phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,and improving soil acidification.This study provides theoretical foundation for precision fertilization and sustainable management of plantations in red soil regions.Future research should integrate long-term dynamic monitoring and biological factor assessments to further optimize management strategies.
作者
林海能
唐小兰
于玉振
涂华龙
蒋湖波
湛年勇
LIN Haineng;TANG Xiaolan;YU Yuzhen;TU Hualong;JIANG Hubo;ZHAN Nianyong(Guangxi Research Center of New Fertilizers for Forestry,Nanning 530003,China;Guangxi Huawote Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530003,China;Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute,Nanning 530002,China;Guangxi State-owned Weidu Forest Farm,Laibin 546199,China)
出处
《乡村科技》
2025年第12期116-122,共7页
Rural Science and Technology
基金
广西自筹经费林业科技项目(2024GXZCLK21、2023GXZCLK62、2023GXZCLK57)。
关键词
半湿润红壤区
人工林
土壤肥力
空间分布
测土配方施肥
semi-humid red soil region
plantation
soil fertility
spatial distribution
soil testing and formulated fertilization
作者简介
林海能(1973-),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:土壤环境;唐小兰(1973-),女,硕士,高级经济师,研究方向:农业经济;于玉振(1990-),男,硕士,中级经济师,研究方向:企业工商管理;涂华龙(1997-),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:森林培育;蒋湖波(1983-),男,本科,高级工程师,研究方向:森林培育;通信作者:湛年勇(1978-),男,本科,高级工程师,研究方向:森林培育。
