摘要
当前,学界对冯友兰的新理学有一种误解,认为新理学的概念架构与人生境界之间存在断裂,无法契合。实际上,这种批评忽视了新理学中的心概念,而它恰是澄清误解的突破口。故此,有必要对心概念的内涵和外延进行系统考察。从构造的角度看,心由形上之理与形下之气构成;从属性的角度看,心具有知觉灵明的属性,人心的知觉灵明为觉解。这是心之内涵。宋儒的道心、人心,属于觉解之心的两种状态,而宇宙“底”心与宇宙的心又皆缺乏支撑其存在的实际结构,因此都不属于心之外延。在新理学中,仅具有知觉灵明的禽兽心和人心属于心之外延。进一步看,心既属于新理学的概念架构的环节,又属于人生境界的要素。这样,心之构造与属性的一体性,保证了新理学的概念架构和人生境界的一体性。就此而言,新理学内部不存在断裂以及如何契合的问题。
Currently,there is a misunderstanding in academic circles regarding Feng Youlan’s New Neo-Confucianism,which holds that there is a disconnection between its conceptual framework and the realm of life,making them incompatible.In fact,this criticism overlooks the concept of“heart”in New Neo-Confucianism,which is precisely the breakthrough point to clarify such misunderstandings.Therefore,it is necessary to systematically examine the connotation and extension of the concept of“heart”.From the perspective of structure,the heart is composed of the metaphysical“li”(principle)and the physical“qi”(vital energy).From the perspective of attributes,the heart possesses the quality of“perceptual clarity”,and the perceptual clarity of the human heart is“juejie”(awareness and understanding).These constitute the connotation of the heart.The“Dao heart”and“human heart”in Song Confucianism belong to two states of the heart of awareness and understanding,while both the“heart underlying the universe”and the“heart of the universe”lack an actual structure to support their existence,thus neither falls within the extension of the heart.In New Neo-Confucianism,only the hearts of animals and humans,which possess perceptual clarity,belong to the extension of the heart.Furthermore,the heart is both a link in the conceptual framework of New Neo-Confucianism and an element of the realm of life.In this way,the unity of the structure and attributes of the heart ensures the unity of the conceptual framework and the realm of life in New Neo-Confucianism.In this sense,there is no issue of disconnection or incompatibility within New Neo-Confucianism.
出处
《中州学刊》
北大核心
2025年第8期122-128,共7页
Academic Journal of Zhongzhou
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“冯友兰对陆王心学的现代诠释研究”(21CZX035)。
关键词
冯友兰
新理学
心
觉解
Feng Youlan
New Neo-Confucianism
heart
juejie(awareness and understanding)
作者简介
代玉民,男,哲学博士,南京大学哲学学院准聘助理教授(江苏南京210023)。
