摘要
目的了解海南省老年人的认知功能现状与影响因素,为今后制订改善认知功能的干预方案提供依据。方法横断面研究。2021年8月至2022年6月,采用便利抽样法选取海南25个市县的2059人为研究对象,采用简易精神状态检查量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)和老年人生活活动能力量表(Activity of Daily Living Scale,ADL)开展调查。采用卡方检验进行老年人认知障碍的单因素分析,并使用二元logistic回归进一步探究其认知功能状况的影响因素。结果2059名老年人中有609人(29.6%)存在认知功能障碍。将单因素分析结果具有统计学意义的因素纳入二元logistic回归,结果表明:女性(OR=1.364,95%CI:1.091~1.704),年龄70~79岁(OR=1.410,95%CI:1.070~1.860),年龄80~89岁(OR=1.859,95%CI:1.386~2.493),年龄≥90岁(OR=2.369,95%CI:1.454~3.859),少数民族(OR=1.405,95%CI:1.109~1.779),丧偶(OR=1.372,95%CI:1.049~1.794),居住在农村地区(OR=1.411,95%CI:1.074~1.856),所患慢性疾病种数≥3(OR=1.887,95%CI:1.337~2.662),轻度失能(OR=1.695,95%CI:1.275~2.252),中度失能(OR=2.326,95%CI:1.579~3.428),重度失能(OR=2.873,95%CI:1.760~4.691)与老年人认知障碍风险增加有关(均P<0.05);相较于文化程度小学及以下,初中(OR=0.622,95%CI:0.511~0.859),高中和中专(OR=0.469,95%CI:0.327~0.675),大专及以上文化程度(OR=0.412,95%CI:0.264~0.642)老年人患认知障碍的风险更低(P<0.05)。结论海南省老年人认知障碍患病率处于中等水平,女性、高龄、少数民族、农村地区、丧偶、患有3种及以上慢性疾病、失能的老年人是认知障碍的高危人群,相关部门及医护人员应重点关注此类人群,开展认知功能的早期评估,制定针对性的干预措施改善其认知功能。
ObjectiveTo assess the current status and influencing factors of cognitive function among the elderly in Hainan Province,providing a basis for developing future intervention strategies to enhance cognitive health.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to June 2022.A total of 2,059 elderly individuals were selected from 25 counties and cities in Hainan Province through convenience sampling.Data collection utilized the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and the Activity of Daily Living Scale(ADL).Chi-square tests were conducted for univariate analysis of cognitive impairment,while binary logistic regression was employed to further investigate the factors influencing cognitive function.ResultsAmong the 2,059 elderly participants,609(29.6%)exhibited cognitive impairment.Statistically significant factors identified in the univariate analysis were incorporated into the binary logistic regression model.The results indicated that being female(OR=1.364,95%CI:1.091-1.704),aged 70 to 79 years(OR=1.410,95%CI:1.070-1.860),aged 80 to 89 years(OR=1.859,95%CI:1.386-2.493),aged 90 years or older(OR=2.369,95%CI:1.454-3.859),belonging to an ethnic minority(OR=1.405,95%CI:1.109-1.779),being widowed(OR=1.372,95%CI:1.049-1.794),residing in rural areas(OR=1.411,95%CI:1.074-1.856),having three or more chronic diseases(OR=1.887,95%CI:1.337-2.662),and experiencing mild(OR=1.695,95%CI:1.275-2.252),moderate(OR=2.326,95%CI:1.579-3.428),or severe disability(OR=2.873,95%CI:1.760-4.691)were identified as risk factors for cognitive impairment in the elderly(P<0.05).In contrast,higher educational attainment was found to be protective,with junior high school education(OR=0.622,95%CI:0.511-0.859),high school or technical secondary school education(OR=0.469,95%CI:0.327-0.675),and a college education or higher(OR=0.412,95%CI:0.264-0.642)serving as protective factors for cognitive function in the elderly(P<0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly in Hainan Province is moderate.Elderly women,individuals of advanced age,ethnic minorities,those living in rural areas,widowed individuals,individuals with multiple chronic diseases,and those with disabilities are at a higher risk for cognitive impairment.Relevant health departments and healthcare professionals should prioritize these high-risk groups,conduct early cognitive assessments,and implement targeted interventions to enhance cognitive function.
作者
蒋倩
李文
阳晓丽
杨婧
张彩虹
Jiang Qian;Li Wen;Yang Xiaoli;Yang Jing;Zhang Caihong(Hainan Medical University,HaiKo 571199,China;Homes For the Elderly in Hainan Province,HaiKo 570311,Hainan,China)
出处
《中华老年医学杂志》
北大核心
2025年第8期1131-1137,共7页
Chinese Journal of Geriatrics
基金
海南省自然科学基金资助项目(820RC779)。
关键词
老年人
认知功能
影响因素
Older adults
Cognitive function
Influencing factors
作者简介
通信作者:张彩虹,Email:404669792@qq.com。
