论中英庚款退还及其对战时科学家的资助

On the Refund of the Anglo-Chinese Boxer Indemnity and Its Support of Scientists During the Anti-Japanese War

在线阅读下载PDF

导出

摘要近代中国饱受列强侵略,庚子事变后被迫签订《辛丑条约》,背负了沉重的赔款负担。列强为谋求长期利益,以退还部分赔款为手段,推行文化与经济渗透。20世纪初,美英相继启动庚款退还。退款资金最初用于实业与文教建设,后因全面抗战爆发导致教育与科研体系濒临崩溃,中英庚款董事会迅速调整投资策略,重点资助科学研究,以维系国家学术命脉。通过规范的管理机制与资助实践,中英庚款不仅支持了战时军需、医疗与民生需求的科研突破,同时也为战后科技体系的重建培养了中坚力量。 In modern China,relentless foreign aggression culminated in the Boxer Rebellion,forcing the signing of the Boxer Protocol and imposing a heavy indemnity burden.To secure long-term interests,foreign powers used partial indemnity refunds as a means to advance cultural and economic penetration.In the early 20th century,the United States and Britain initiated indemnity refund programs.The refund was initially allocated to industry and education.However,the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War caused the near-collapse of the educational and scientific research system,prompting the Anglo-Chinese Indemnity Board to shift focus on supporting scientific research to sustain the nation’s academic lifeline.Through structured management and funding practices,the Anglo-Chinese indemnity supported scientific breakthroughs in wartime military,medical,and civilian needs while cultivating key talents for post-war scientific reconstruction.

作者王坚李瑶瑶 Wang Jian;Li Yaoyao(Institute for History of Science and Technology,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区山西大学科学技术史研究所

出处《台州学院学报》 2025年第4期12-17,共6页 Journal of Taizhou University

关键词中英庚款退款科学资助抗战 Anglo-Chinese Boxer Indemnity refund support of science Anti-Japanese War

分类号 K25 [历史地理—中国史]

作者简介王坚(1981-),男,山西柳林人,副教授,博士,研究方向:技术史、科技与社会;李瑶瑶(1999-),女,山西大同人,硕士研究生,研究方向:技术史。