摘要
针对土石坝抵御超标准洪水漫顶溢流能力较弱的问题,应用FLOW-3D平台建立土石坝漫顶溢流水动力模型,基于标准RNGκ-ε紊流模型与VOF法开展不同结构特性与致灾动力条件下土石坝漫溃固液两相流数值模拟研究。结果表明:①发生漫顶时,溃口起动时间及坝体溃决历时与坝顶宽度呈指数形式增长,坝顶宽度增加至8 m,延时时长增长率接近1;②随着上游坝坡放缓,溃口发生历时呈现先减小后增大的趋势,在接近1∶2时达到最小值,而漫溃历时与上游坡比呈负相关,坝体漫顶溃决历时稳定延长近20 s;③对于不同坝高土石坝,增加坝体高度至15 m时,溃口起动时间与侵蚀破坏历时同时呈上升趋势,并在15 m时达到最大值,此后,随着坝体高度的继续增高,溃决历时呈现先下降再上升最终趋于稳定的趋势,溃口形成时间不断提前,每增高5 m减少近90 s;④当入库流量不断增大时,土石坝漫顶溃决历时明显缩短,溃口横向侵蚀与纵向侵蚀加剧,溃口不断拓宽,断面峰值流量出现时间明显提前。
To address the weak resistance of earth-rock dams against overtopping flow under extreme flooding,this study established a hydrodynamic model for dam overtopping using the FLOW-3D platform.The numerical simulation of solid-liquid two-phase flow during dam breaching was conducted based on the standard RNG κ-ε turbulence model and the Volume of Fluid(VOF)method,considering varying structural characteristics and dynamic disaster conditions.The results show that:①During overtopping,the breach initiation time and total breaching duration increase exponentially with the dam crest width.When the crest width reaches 8 m,the delay growth rate approaches 1;②As the upstream slope becomes gentler,the breach formation time first decreases and then increases,reaching a minimum at a slope ratio of 1∶2.In contrast,the total overtopping failure duration is negatively correlated with the slope ratio,showing a stable prolongation of nearly 20 s;③For dams of different heights,when the dam height increases to 15 m,both the breach initiation time and erosion duration exhibit an upward trend,peaking at 15 m.Beyond this height,the breaching duration first decreases,then increases,and finally stabilizes,while the breach formation time continuously advances,reducing by nearly 90 s per 5 m height increase;④With increasing inflow discharge,the overtopping breaching duration is significantly shortened,accompanied by intensified lateral and vertical erosion,continuous breach widening,and an earlier occurrence of peak cross-sectional flow.
作者
邓成发
赵昱
张继勋
任旭华
张玉贤
DENG Chengfa;ZHAO Yu;ZHANG Jixun;REN Xuhua;ZHANG Yuxian(Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics&Estuary,Hangzhou 310020,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)
出处
《人民长江》
北大核心
2025年第8期185-192,共8页
Yangtze River
基金
浙江省自然科学基金项目(LTGG23E090001)
浙江省水利厅科技计划项目(RB2214,RB2401)
浙江省水利河口研究院院长基金项目(ZIHE21Y003)。
关键词
均质土石坝
漫顶溃决
数值模拟
参数敏感性分析
结构优化
homogeneous earth-rock dam
overtopping failure
numerical simulation
parameters sensitivity analysis
structural optimization
作者简介
邓成发,男,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事水利工程安全评价及科研工作。E-mail:343531932@qq.com;通信作者:张继勋,男,副教授,博士,主要从事水工结构地下工程研究。E-mail:zhangjixun@hhu.edu.cn。
