摘要
【目的】为了解四川省玉米穗腐病的发生情况,及其病原真菌黄曲霉的分布和生物学特性。【方法】通过对四川省玉米主栽区调查采样,经单孢分离、形态学和分子生物学鉴定,获得黄曲霉菌株。对所有菌株进行致病力、菌核特征和产毒能力分析。【结果】共搜集586份玉米穗腐病材料,经鉴定获得467株黄曲霉菌株,经测定表明供试菌株的致病性存在差异,其中85.87%菌株表现为中等致病力,为优势群体。供试菌株群体有403株可以产生菌核,占比86.30%;64株不能产生菌核,占比13.70%。供试群体中270株具有产生黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的潜力,菌株间产毒差异较大(13.26~8160.01µg/mL),并且产毒菌株分布于所有采样点。【结论】四川省中部和东部地区黄曲霉菌株数量较多,高海拔地区未获得玉米黄曲霉穗腐病样品,并且不同地区采集到的产AFB1菌株占比不同,表明不同地区的气候条件对黄曲霉菌的生长和产毒能力有显著影响,为进一步预测和监控高风险区域,减少粮食中黄曲霉毒素的污染奠定了基础。
【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence of maize ear rot in Sich-uan Province and characterize the distribution and biological traits of the causal fungus Aspergillus flavus.【Method】Surveys and sample collections were conducted in major maize-producing regions of Sichuan Province.Strains of Aspergillus flavus were isolated via single-spore isolation and identified based on mor-phological and molecular characteristics.Pathogenicity,sclerotia production,and aflatoxin production ability were assessed for all isolates.【Result】A total of 586 maize ear rot samples were collected,from which 467 strains of Aspergillus flavus were identified.Pathogenicity varied among strains,with 85.87%showing moderate pathogenicity,representing the predominant group.Among the tested strains,403 pro-duced sclerotia,accounting for 86.30%,while 64 did not,accounting for 13.70%.Additionally,270 strains were capable of producing Aflatoxin B1(AFB1),with toxin production levels varying signifi-cantly(ranging from 13.26 to 8,160.01µg/mL).Toxigenic strains were distributed across all sampling sites.【Conclusion】Aspergillus flavus strains were more prevalent in the central and eastern regions of Si-chuan Province,with no samples detected in high-altitude areas.The proportion of AFB1-producing strains varied across regions,suggesting that local climatic conditions significantly influence the growth and toxigenic potential of Aspergillus flavus.These findings provide a basis for predicting and monitoring high-risk areas and for developing strategies to reduce aflatoxin contamination in food.
作者
马苗苗
赵鹤南
吴翠平
龚国淑
MA Miaomiao;ZHAO Henan;WU Cuiping;GONG Guoshu(Department of Plant Protection,College of Agriculture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China)
出处
《四川农业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期967-974,993,共9页
Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University
基金
四川省玉米创新团队(SCCXTD-2025-2)。
作者简介
马苗苗,副教授,主要从事植物-病原微生物互作机制解析,E-mail:mmma@sicau.edu.cn;龚国淑,教授,主要从事西南重大作物病害综合防控研究,E-mail:guoshugong@126.com。
