摘要
RNA生物农药是基于RNA干扰(RNAi)技术开发的新型生物农药,其通过外源双链RNA(dsRNA)特异性沉默靶标基因的表达,实现对病虫害的精准防控,被誉为农药发展史上的第三次革命。2023年12月,美国环境保护署(EPA)批准登记全球首款可喷洒RNA杀虫剂Calantha^(TM),这一里程碑事件标志着RNA生物农药正式进入商业化应用阶段。本文系统综述了RNA生物农药的发展历程,即从1998年RNAi机制的发现到2023年首款产品的成功上市,重点阐述了其在靶向性、环境友好性、研发周期等方面的技术优势。同时,深入分析了当前RNA生物农药产业化进程中面临的技术瓶颈、监管挑战和市场推广等问题。最后,基于我国在该领域的研发现状,呼吁加强产学研协作,完善技术标准与政策法规,以推动RNA生物农药在我国的产业化进程,为全球农业可持续发展提供新的解决方案。
RNA biopesticides represent a novel class of biological pesticides developed based on RNA interference(RNAi)technology.By utilizing exogenous double‑stranded RNA(dsRNA)to specifically silence target gene expression,they achieve precise pest control and are hailed as the third revolution in pesticide development history.In December 2023,the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)approved the registration of Calantha^(TM),the world’s first sprayable RNA insecticide,marking a milestone event that signifies the official entry of RNA biopesticides into the commercial application phase.This paper systematically reviews the development trajectory of RNA biopesticides,from the discovery of the RNAi mechanism in 1998 to the successful market launch of the first product in 2023,with particular emphasis on its technical advantages in targeting specificity,environmental friendliness,and R&D cycle.Furthermore,it provides an in‑depth analysis of the current challenges in the industrialization process,including technical bottlenecks,regulatory challenges,and market promotion issues.Finally,considering the current status of Chinas R&D progress in this field,the paper calls for strengthening industry‑academia‑research collaboration,improved technical standards,and optimized policy frameworks to accelerate the industrialization of RNA biopesticides in China,thereby offering new solutions for global agricultural sustainable development.
作者
李海超
苗雪霞
关若冰
LI Haichao;MIAO Xuexia;GUAN Ruobing(State Key Laboratory of Plant Trait Design,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China;Shanghai Plant Science Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201815,China;College of Plant Protection,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
出处
《上海农业学报》
2025年第4期162-169,共8页
Acta Agriculturae Shanghai
基金
2024年度长三角科技创新共同体联合攻关(基础研究)项目(2024CSJZN00900)
上海市农业科技创新项目(沪农科V20240014)
河南省科技攻关项目(252102111110)
河南省高等学校重点项目(25B210009)。
作者简介
李海超(1982-),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向为植物抗虫与害虫防治。E-mail:lihaichao@cemps.ac.cn;共同第一作者:苗雪霞;通信作者:关若冰,E-mail:guanruobing@126.com。
