摘要
针对高含沙量条件下因水下探测声呐工作中传播损失较高导致的测量数据精度差、噪点多等问题,2018—2024年在黄河各河段采用声呐探测设备开展水下全覆盖地形测量。通过实测数据评估探测声呐在黄河中应用的可靠性与适用性,为黄河防汛及数字孪生建设提供数据支撑。研究表明:测深频率与声波穿透性强相关,在黄河不同河段及含沙量条件下,使用定频(MS400、MS400P、MS400U、MS8200)和调频(MS400UW)声呐设备搭载有人船/无人船采集数据,经国产多波束后处理软件MBPro校正补偿,输出三维地形成果,并对10次测深结果进行定量、定性评价。结果显示:高含沙量条件下,现有多波束测深系统可有效应用于水下地形测量,黄河探测最大距离达140m,有效扫宽为3~5倍水深;0~7kg/m^(3)含沙量时,400kHz测深频率效果最佳;含沙量>10kg/m^(3)时,200kHz频率及调频设备数据质量更优。随着硬件、软件检波与滤波算法的优化,黄河高含沙量环境下的测深数据质量显著提升,表现为数据拼合精度高、噪点少,能精准反映水下地形。
In response to challenges posed by high signal attenuation during sonar-based underwater detection in high sediment concentration environments-resulting in low measurement accuracy and excessive noise-comprehensive underwater topographic surveys were conducted in various sections of the Yellow River from 2018 to 2024 using sonar equipment.Field data were used to assess the reliability and applicability of sonar systems under Yellow River conditions,providing critical data support for flood control and digital twin construction.The study found a strong correlation between sounding frequency and acoustic penetration.Under varying sediment concentrations and river sections,both fixed-frequency(MS400,MS400P,MS400U,MS8200)and chirp(MS400UW)sonar devices mounted on manned/unmanned vessels were employed.Data were post-processed using the domestic multibeam software MBPro to generate corrected 3D topography outputs.Ten measurement sessions were evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively.Results indicate that multibeam systems are effective for underwater topographic mapping in high-sediment environments.In the Yellow River,detection distances reached up to 140 meters with effective swath widths of 3~5 times the water depth.For sediment concentrations of 0~7kg/m^(3),a 400kHz frequency yielded optimal results,while concentrations above 10kg/m^(3) showed better data quality with 200kHz or chirp frequency devices.As hardware and software detection and filtering algorithms continue to improve,the quality of depth data in high-sediment conditions has markedly increased,demonstrating high stitching precision,reduced noise,and accurate representation of underwater terrain.
作者
朱艾钦
赵雨森
缪若梵
ZHU Aiqin;ZHAO Yusen;MIAO Ruofan(Zhengzhou Yellow River Bureau,Yellow River Conservancy Commission of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Yellow River Conservancy Commission of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Beijing Hydro-Tech Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100000,China)
出处
《水利建设与管理》
2025年第8期7-16,共10页
Water Conservancy Construction and Management
关键词
多波束
黄河
水下地形测量
防汛
高含沙量
multibeam
Yellow River
underwater topographic survey
flood control
high sediment concentration
作者简介
朱艾钦(1968-),男,本科,高级工程师,主要研究方向为水利信息化技术应用与产品开发。
