财政资金投入与参保农户“获得感偏差”:基于中美农业保险财政补贴效果对比分析视角

The“Deviation of Sense of Gain”between Fiscal Fund Investmpent and Insured Farmers:from the Perspective of Comparative Analysis of the Fiscal Subsidy Effcts of Agricultural Insurance in China and the United States

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摘要中国农业保险财政补贴投入与参保农户“获得感”之间存在明显“温差”,因此分析中国农业保险财政补贴资金利用效果并探究其背后原因对改进和完善新时期农业支持政策体系具有重要现实意义。本文基于2007-2022年中美数据,以农业保险保费补贴深度、补贴资金利用效率两个效率测度指标,以及补贴密度、转移支付效率、收入再分配比率三个公平测度指标为主线,对比分析中美两国农业保险财政补贴效果,发现中国农业保险财政资金补贴的效率与美国存在差距。分析原因发现:一方面是中国农业保险制度设计难以真正为农业保险经营主体“兜底”,导致其经营意愿低下;另一方面是中国农业保险财政补贴政策精细化程度较低,导致财政资金损耗大。基于此,中国农业保险补贴财政支持政策未来改革方向得到明确,即要通过推进完善中国农业保险顶层设计、科学厘定保险保费补贴比例、精细化农业保险财政补贴制度等方式提升中国农业保险财政补贴效果。 There is a noticeable gap between the financial subsidies invested in agricultural insurance in China and the“sense of benefit”experienced by insured farmers.Therefore,analyzing the effectiveness of the use of financial funds for agricultural insurance and exploring the underlying reasons behind it is of great practical significance for improving and refining the agricultural support policy system in the new era.Based on data from China and the United States from 2007 to 2022,this paper focuses on two efficiency indicators-depth of agricultural insurance premium subsidies and efficiency of subsidy fund utilization,and three fairness indica-tors-subsidy density,efficiency of transfer payments,and the proportion of income redistribution.A com-parative analysis of the financial subsidy effects of agricultural insurance between China and the United States reveals that China lags behind the United.States.in efficiency of financial subsidies for agricultural insur ance.The analysis shows that,on the one hand,China's agricultural insurance system design struggles to provide real guarantees for agricultural insurance operators,leading to low willingness to operate.On the other hand,the precision of China's agricultural insurance financial subsidy policy is relatively low,resulting in significant waste of fiscal funds.Based on these findings,the future direction of reform for China's agricul-tural insurance subsidy policy is clear,namely,to improve the top-level design of China's agricultural insur ance,scientifically dete rmine the insurance premium subsidy ratio,and refi ne the financial subsidy system for agricultural insurance in order to enhance the effectiveness of agricultural insurance financial subsidies.

作者张姝张靳雪李雪吕开宇 ZHANG Shu;ZHANG Jinxue;LI Xue;LV Kaiyu

机构地区中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所河北农业大学经济管理学院

出处《世界农业》 2025年第9期90-103,共14页 World Agriculture

基金国家自然科学基金青年项目“新形势下中国农业劳动力调整成本与国内农业支持政策转型研究”(72003184) 国家自然科学基金“劳动力成本上升背景下新型农业经营主体用工适应性调整与生产率提升研究”(72473135) 中国农业科学院科技创新工程(10 IAEDRC-10-2025、CAASCSAERD 202402.10 IAED-03-2025)。

关键词农业保险财政补贴资金利用效果美国 Agricultural Insurance Fiscal Subsidies Fund Utilization Efficiency The United States

分类号 F812.8 [经济管理—财政学]

作者简介张姝(1984-),女,古林长春人,博士,副研究员,研究方向为农产品贸易与产业政策、农业农村风险管理;张靳雪(1995-),女,河北唐山人,博士研究生,研究方向为农业保险、产业经济学;李雪(1985-),女,黑龙江伊春人,博士,助理研究员,研究方向为农业经济理论与政策;通信作者:吕开宇(1975-),男,江苏无锡人,博士,研究员,研究方向为农村金融与保险、公共政策和农村发展,E-mail:lyukaiyu@cas.cn。