摘要
水体中的微塑料对生态环境和人类健康构成了严重威胁,有效去除水体中的微塑料已成为环境领域的研究热点。本文综述了微塑料的来源、赋存特征及其在人工湿地中的去除机制,并评估了微塑料对人工湿地碳、氮、磷等元素去除的影响。研究表明:人工湿地通过基质截留与吸附、植物根系吸附与吸收、微生物吸附与降解以及动物摄食与扰动等多重机制去除微塑料。微塑料的形状、粒径和类型显著影响其去除效率,纤维状和小粒径微塑料较难去除。此外,微塑料的长期积累会削弱人工湿地的脱氮和除磷性能,并改变碳循环和温室气体排放。未来研究应聚焦于去除机理的定量分析、新型填料的开发以及实际应用中的长期监测。
The presence of microplastics in water body poses a severe threat to ecosystems and human health,making effective removal of microplastics a research hotspot in environmental science.This review summarizes the sources and occurrence characteristics of microplastics,with a focus on their prevalence in wastewater treatment plants,rivers,agricultural soil,and waste sludge,as evidenced by recent studies.The study examines the removal mechanisms of pollutants in constructed wetlands,focusing on the role of benthic fauna in enhancing nanoplastics removal,the impact of macrophyte species on nitrogen removal,and the influence of microbial communities on antibiotic removal,while evaluating the impact of microplastics on the removal of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in constructed wetlands.Studies show that constructed wetlands remove microplastics through multiple mechanisms,including substrate retention and adsorption,plant root adsorption and absorption,microbial adsorption and degradation,and animal ingestion and disturbance.The shape,size,and type of microplastics significantly affect removal efficiency,with fiber-shaped and smallersized microplastics being more difficult to remove.Long-term accumulation of microplastics in constructed wetlands weakens nitrogen and phosphorus removal and alters carbon cycling and greenhouse gas emissions.Future research should focus on quantitative analysis of removal mechanisms,development of novel substrates,and long-term monitoring in practical applications.
作者
史蒙
左倬
李应辉
王欢
王话翔
蔡丽婧
唐陈杰
卢露
SHI Meng;ZUO Zhuo;LI Ying-hui;WANG Huan;WANG Hua-xiang;CAI Li-jing;TANG Chen-jie;LU Lu(China Three Gorges Corporation,Wuhan 430010,Hubei,China;National Engineering Research Center for Ecological Environment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,Beijing 100038,China;Shanghai Investigation Design&Research Institute,Shanghai 200124,China)
出处
《湿地科学与管理》
2025年第4期44-50,57,共8页
Wetland Science & Management
基金
中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目(NBWL202300014)。
关键词
微塑料
人工湿地
去除
基质
植物
微生物
Microplastics
Constructed wetlands
Removal
Substrate
Plants
Microorganisms
作者简介
史蒙,男,主要研究方向:水环境生态修复。E-mail:shi_meng@ctg.com.cn;通讯作者:左倬,男,主要研究方向:生态与环境工程。E-mail:zuo_zhuo@ctg.com.cn。
