摘要
作为一类重要的轻量化功能粉体,中空微球在科学研究和技术开发领域获得了广泛关注。中空结构在处理和应用过程中的完整性和存活率成为材料规模应用的关键因素,开发出低密度、功能性和高稳定性相结合的中空微球至关重要。中空微球的粒径、球壳组成以及微观结构对其密度、结构强度和功能性具有决定性作用,因此相关设计与调控的理论与方法研究备受关注。本文从中空微球的基本概念、分类以及合成方法入手,系统梳理了功能性中空微球的相关研究,重点综述了中空微球球壳结构单元的化学组成以及微观结构的多尺度设计与高效成型方面的最新进展,并且介绍了当前中空微球密度、强度和功能性协同调控方面的研究成果,展望了这一领域的未来发展方向,为相关研究和应用提供参考。
As an important part of lightweight functional powder materials,hollow microspheres have gained much attention in the fields of scientific research and technological development.Since the integrity and survival of the hollow structure during processing and application become the key factors for the use of materials,it is crucial to develop hollow microspheres combining low density,functionality and high stability.In this paper,the research on functional hollow microspheres have been reviewed,starting from the basic concepts,classifications,such as inorganic hollow microspheres,organic hollow microspheres,inorganic/polymer composite hollow microspheres.Besides,review of synthetic methods,such as hard/soft template,Ostwald ripening and spray drying,to better guide the structural design and modulation of hollow microspheres.As we know,the particle size,shell composition and microstructure of hollow microspheres play a decisive role in their density,structural strength and functionality,so that the theoretical and methodological studies on the related design and regulation have attracted a lot of attention.To achieve lightweight and high reinforcement of hollow microsphere materials,the recent advances in the multiscale design of the microstructures and the efficient molding of the hollow microspheres have been emphasized.In order to modify and regulate the composition and structure of hollow microsphere shells,pre-synthesis and post-synthesis treatments have been introduce in a large amount of literature.In particular,post-synthetic treatments,like calcination,can cause a shift in material properties.After the hollow microspheres are prepared and molded,they are generally in a powder state and generally need to be compounded with a polymer matrix when used.Optimizing the bonding at the interface between microspheres and matrix can effectively improve the mechanical properties of composites.After reviewing the above process,the structural design and control of lightweight and high-strength hollow microspheres have begun to take shape.However,there is still limited research in this field.This review aims to deepen the understanding and discussion of the lightweight and high-strength properties of hollow microspheres,and prompt the emergence of more related studies.
作者
程光彦
武虹秀
李曼
刘冉
安振国
张敬杰
CHENG Guangyan;WU Hongxiu;LI Man;LIU Ran;AN Zhenguo;ZHANG Jingjie(State Key Laboratory of Aerospace Cryogenic Propellant Technology,Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Research Institute of Aerospace Special Materials and Processing Technology,Beijing 100074,China)
基金
航天低温推进剂技术国家重点实验室基金(SKLTSCP202202)
国家自然科学基金项目(51872298)。
关键词
中空微球
球壳结构
轻量化
分区设计
结构稳定性
性能调控
hollow microspheres
shell structure
lightweight
divisional design
structural stability
functionality regulation
作者简介
程光彦(2001-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为轻量化功能粉体。E-mail:chengguangyan23@mails.ucas.ac.cn;武虹秀(1998-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为轻量化功能粉体材料;李曼(1997-),女,博士研究生,研究方向为电磁波吸收中空微球材料;刘冉(1993-),女,博士,研究方向为磁性复合微球材料;通讯作者:安振国(1982-),男,研究员,博士,研究方向为功能性中空微球及其轻量化复合材料。E-mail:zgan@mail.ipc.ac.cn;通讯作者:张敬杰(1966-),女,研究员,硕士,研究方向为微米级的晶态和非晶态球形粉体材料的制备及其应用。E-mail:jjzhang@mail.ipc.ac.cn。
