摘要
为探究冻害对2种马铃薯野生材料叶片结构的影响,以2种抗冻性不同的马铃薯野生种Solanum acaule(W3,具抗冻性)和Solanum cardiophyllum(Cph12,霜冻敏感)为研究对象,对马铃薯苗期叶片进行半致死温度(LT_(50))测定和抗冻性鉴定,同时利用光学显微镜和透射电镜对叶片进行显微和超微结构观察研究。结果表明,W3半致死温度达-3.34℃,Cph12半致死温度为-1.31℃。2种材料在-4℃处理2 h后在20℃的温室恢复1 d后,评定W3冷冻损伤评分为0,Cph12冷冻损伤评分为5。2种材料的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、脯氨酸(Pro)含量呈上升趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量呈下降趋势。抗冻材料W3的下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、上表皮厚度、细胞结构紧密度、栅海比的测量平均值显著大于敏感材料Cph12,推测马铃薯叶片组织结构可能是耐寒性鉴定的一个重要参考指标。W3在冻害后叶绿体结构仍保持稳定,植株叶片保持完整;而Cph12在冻害后叶绿体解体、基粒片层出现断裂、液泡破裂导致植株死亡。研究表明,保持生物膜完整性是增强马铃薯野生材料抗寒性的一个重要途径,而叶绿体的稳定性可作为马铃薯耐寒性的一个重要因素。
To explore the effects of frost damage on the leaf structure of two wild species of Solanum tuberosum,two wild species of Solanum tuberosum with different frost resistance,Solanum acaule(W3,with frost resistance)and Solanum cardiophyllum(Cph12,frost-sensitive),were taken as the research objects.The semi-lethal temperature(LT_(50))was applied to the leaves of potato seedlings.The determination and frost resistance identification were carried out,and the microscopic and ultrastructural observation and research of the leaves were conducted simultaneously using an optical microscope and a transmission electron microscope.The results showed that the median lethal temperature of material W3 reacheed-3.34℃,and that of material Cph12 was-1.31℃.After the two materials were treated at-4℃for 2 hours and then recovered in a greenhouse at 20℃for 1 day,the freeze damage score of material W3 was evaluated as 0,and that of material Cph12 was 5.The contents of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and proline(Pro)in the two materials showed an upward trend,while the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)showed a downward trend.The average values of the lower epidermal thickness,palise-like tissue thickness,upper epidermal thickness,cell structure compactness and palise-like ratio of the frost-resistant material W3 were significantly higher than those of the sensitive material Cph12.It was speculated that the tissue structure of potato leaves could be an important reference index for cold resistance identification.After frost damage,the chloroplast structure of W3 remained stable and the plant leaves remained intact.However,the chloroplast disintegration of the sensitive material Cph12,the cleavage of the basal lamellae,and the rupture of vacuoles led to the death of the plant.Therefore,maintaining the integrity of biological membranes was an important way to enhance the cold resistance of wild of Solanum tuberosum materials,and the stability of chloroplasts could be regarded as an important factor for the cold resistance of Solanum tuberosum.
作者
吴巧玉
何学佳
尹旺
周帅
何天久
WU Qiaoyu;HE Xuejia;YIN Wang;ZHOU Shuai;HE Tianjiu(Institute of Biotechnology,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China)
出处
《种子》
北大核心
2025年第7期170-175,共6页
Seed
基金
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2024]一般563)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]重点030)
国家自然科学基金(32260491)。
关键词
马铃薯
叶片
显微结构
超微结构
Solanum tuberosum
leaf
microstructure
ultrastructure
作者简介
吴巧玉(1982-),女(汉族),四川仁寿人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事薯类作物育种研究(email:wuqiaoyu1@163.com);通信作者:何天久(1984-),男(汉族),四川仁寿人,博士,研究员,主要从事马铃薯分子生物学研究(email:hetianjiu1983@163.com)。
