摘要
大气重力波对大气水平和垂直结构以及垂直耦合具有显著影响。目前大气重力波的相关研究表明:①卫星适用于中高层大气重力波的观测,雷达在其垂直结构的精细观测方面最具优势,再分析资料则更适合用于全球大气重力波的特征分析。②相较于非地形重力波,地形重力波的垂直波长相对较长,且普遍可以传播至更高高度。③由于激发源相对固定,地形重力波溯源的结果相对准确,而非地形重力波的溯源难度很大,准确率偏低。④采用主流的静力和非静力参数化方案,能在数值模式中比较完整地模拟地形重力波的拖曳作用;采用单波和全局谱技术可以较为准确地模拟非地形重力波东西向的动量通量;但是目前尚不能准确模拟两类大气重力波生成发展的全过程。未来,随着观测技术的提升,会获取更多高质量的观测数据,这将有助于更清晰地了解大气重力波的特征。在此基础上,随着参数化方法的不断优化以及人工智能技术的应用,对两类大气重力波的形成机制将有更深入的认识,从而提升天气和气候模拟预测的准确性。
Gravity Waves(GWs)significantly influence structure of the entire atmosphere and coupling between atmospheric layers.Research on gravity waves is crucial for deepening our understanding of atmospheric dynamics and for improving the accuracy of atmospheric models.While gravity waves are wellknown in the fields of astronomy and physics,they also play a vital role in atmospheric science,particularly in the study of airflow,wave propagation,and climate variability.This review highlights the following key findings:①Satellites are suitable for observing the middle and upper atmosphere;radar is most effective for detailed observations of vertical wave propagation;and reanalysis data are best suited for analyzing global GW characteristics;②Compared with non-orographic gravity waves,orographic gravity waves generally have longer vertical wavelengths and can propagate to higher altitudes;③Orographic gravity waves are easier to trace due to their relatively fixed sources;and④Common parameterization schemes effectively simulate the drag effects of orographic gravity waves,while single-wave and global spectral techniques can predict the east-west momentum flux of non-orographic gravity waves.However,the complete generation and evolution processes of both types of GWs cannot yet be accurately simulated.There is still considerable room for improvement in the observation,identification,feature analysis,and parameterization of gravity waves.In the future,advancements in observational technology are expected to yield higher-quality data,enabling a clearer understanding of GW characteristics.Based on this,progress in parameterization methods and the application of artificial intelligence techniques is anticipated to enhance our understanding of the formation mechanisms of both orographic and nonorographic gravity waves,thereby improving the accuracy of weather and climate simulations.
作者
欧阳鑫杰
王举
黄泓
王霖
OUYANG Xinjie;WANG Ju;HUANG Hong;WANG Lin(College of Meteorology and Oceanography,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410000,China)
出处
《地球科学进展》
北大核心
2025年第5期500-515,共16页
Advances in Earth Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:4207050415)资助.
关键词
地形重力波
非地形重力波
波动识别
波动溯源
参数化
Orographic gravity waves
Non-orographic gravity waves
Wave identification
Wave tracing
Parameterization
作者简介
欧阳鑫杰,主要从事非地形重力波特征相关研究.E-mail:18360857323@163.com;通信作者:黄泓,主要从事中尺度动力学和数值预报研究.E-mail:hhong7782@sina.com。
