摘要
扬雄曾弃盖从浑,问天文于黄门作浑天老工,难盖通浑,答浑盖之问。此四项事迹,在中国古代宇宙结构学研究上具有里程碑意义。重新检讨相关史事,可得到三点新认识:首先,扬雄所论或源于对屈原辞赋的研究,《法言》答浑盖之问,有对话屈原《天问》盖天之问的意图,可谓是先于柳宗元的一次“天对”。其次,扬雄弃盖从浑、问黄门作浑天老工、难盖通浑三事透露出,其宇宙结构学转变过程中贯穿着一条天文仪器起源线索——西汉晚期盖图形制已臻完备,浑象在汉宣帝时代应已出现。最后,扬雄的这些事迹预示着汉代宇宙结构学与儒学关系的转折,其后,宇宙结构学由方士之学转向儒学,儒学的宇宙结构学基础由盖天说转换为浑天说,儒生成为建构浑天宇宙结构理论的主力。
There were four important events in Yang Xiong’s cosmographical studies:abandoned the cosmic model of gai-tian and turned into hun-tian,sought advice on astronomy from an old craftsman in Huang Men,criticized the gai-tian theory to advocate the hun-tian theory,and answered questions about the two theories.These events are also of great significance in the history of ancient Chinese cosmography.A re-examination of them leads to three new insights:First,Yang’s cosmographical research may have originated from his study of Qu Yuan’s literary works,and his response to the questions of gai-tian and hun-tian in his work Fayan appears to be an intentional dialogue with Qu Yuan’s Tianwen,specifically with Qu’s inquiry about the gai-tian model,marking an early“cosmic dialogue”prior to Liu Zongyuan.Second,the first three events suggest that by the late Western Han period,Gai Tu had been fully developed,while Hun Xiang had likely emerged in the reign of Emperor Xuan of Han dynasty;Yang’s shift reflects a significant development in the history of astronomical instruments.Lastly,Yang’s cosmographical contributions signal a turning point in the relationship between cosmography and Confucianism during the Han dynasty.Cosmography shifted from the domain of fang shi to Confucianism,with the Confucian cosmographical foundation transitioning from the gaitian model to the hun-tian model,and Confucian scholars becoming the primary architects of hun-tian theory.
出处
《中华文化论坛》
北大核心
2025年第3期160-172,共13页
Journal of Chinese Culture
基金
国家社会科学基金冷门绝学和国别史等研究专项“中国古天文仪象文献整理、校注与研究”(项目编号:19VJX027)的阶段性成果。
关键词
扬雄
宇宙结构学
儒学
屈原
天文仪器
Yang Xiong
cosmography
Confucianism
Qu Yuan
astronomical instruments
作者简介
熊腾跃,中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系博士研究生,安徽合肥230026。
