摘要
随着我国航天任务向空间站、探月探火与深空探测等高复杂、高风险方向不断拓展,航天装备的可靠性保障需求呈现出系统化、智能化、任务驱动等新特征。本文系统梳理了传统的过程导向可靠性工作标准在应对新型任务下所面临的挑战,包括标准适应性差、风险驱动机制薄弱和工作范式封闭固化等问题。在此基础上,分析了以NASA新一代可靠性标准体系为代表的目标导向可靠性工作发展趋势,指出其通过系统工程融合、场景化风险评估与动态要求分解,实现了可靠性与产品功能性能设计的交叉融合。结合国内航天工程实践,本文针对可靠性工作要求提出了三点建议:一是建立需求牵引、目标分解的可靠性工作架构;二是构建基于风险影响、举一反三的要求约束机制;三是实施风险分级、载荷分类的工作策划体系。本文旨在为我国航天装备可靠性工作的范式转型和组织实施提供参考。
With the continuous expansion of China’s space missions toward high-complexity and high-risk endeavors such as the space station,lunar and Martian exploration,and deep space missions,the demand for reliability assurance of aerospace equipment has evolved to exhibit new characteristics—namely,systematization,intelligence,and mission-driven orientation.This paper systematically reviews the challenges faced by traditional process-oriented reliability standards under new mission requirements.These challenges include poor adaptability,weak risk-driven mechanisms,and rigid,closed work paradigms.On this basis,the paper analyzes the development trend of goal-oriented reliability program,represented by NASA’s new reliability standards.It highlights how this approach integrates systems engineering,scenario-based risk assessment,and dynamic requirement decomposition to achieve cross-integration of reliability with product function and performance design.Combined with domestic aerospace engineering practices,three suggestions for reliability programs are proposed:a)establish a reliability framework guided by mission requirements and objective decomposition;b)build a constraint mechanism based on risk impact with analogy-driven extensions;c)implement a planning mechanism based on risk grading and payload classification.This paper aims to provide guidance for the paradigm shift and organizational implementation of reliability work in China’s aerospace equipment.
作者
高宽宇
李鹏
方嫚
钟红恩
GAO Kuan-yu;LI Peng;FANG Man;ZHONG Hong-en(Technology&Engineering Center for Space Utilization,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)
出处
《环境技术》
2025年第7期31-39,共9页
Environmental Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0610100)
工业产品环境适应性全国重点实验室开放课题(2025EASKJ-008)。
关键词
航天装备
可靠性工程
标准
可靠性设计
aerospace equipment
reliability engineering
standards
reliability design
作者简介
高宽宇(2002-),女,硕士,主要从事可靠性系统工程方向研究工作。
