摘要
目的了解河南省R县农村地区2021—2023年65岁及以上老年人基本公共卫生健康体检服务的利用情况及影响因素,以期为优化老年人健康管理服务体系提供参考依据。方法参照Anderson卫生服务利用模型设计问卷,采用整群随机抽样方法,使用健康信念量表与需求量表评估相关因素,通过t检验、方差分析、相关性分析及分层线性回归分析数据。结果单因素分析显示,年龄、健康信念、经济状况、医疗保险、离最近医疗机构的距离、判断健康方式、自评身体状况、患慢性病、健康需求、体育锻炼及吸烟对健康体检服务利用有显著差异(均P<0.05)。分层回归显示,健康信念(β=0.218)、患慢性病(β=0.333)、定期体检(β=0.208)和健康需求(β=0.227)及离最近医疗机构距离在5公里以上(β=-0.158)是农村老年人健康体检服务利用的主要影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论农村老年人健康体检服务利用较好的人群特征是患有慢性病、离最近医疗机构距离在1公里内、通过定期体检判断健康方式、有健康信念和体检需求。
Objective To understand the utilization of basic public health physical examinations for eld-erly people aged 65 and above in rural areas of R County,Henan Province from 2021 to 2023,and to identify in-fluencing factors,thereby providing a reference for optimizing the elderly health management service system.Methods Based on Anderson's healthcare utilization model,a questionnaire was designed.A cluster random sampling method was used,and the Health Belief Scale and Needs Scale were employed to assess relevant factors.The data were analyzed using t-tests,ANOVA,correlation analysis,and hierarchical linear regression analysis.Results Univariate analysis revealed that age,health beliefs,economic status,health insurance,distance to the nearest medical institution,health assessment methods,self-rated health status,chronic disease status,health needs,physical exercise,and smoking have significant differences in the utilization of health check-ups(all P<0.05).Hierarchical regression analysis indicates that health beliefs(β=0.218),chronic illness(β=0.333),regular health check-ups(β=0.208),health needs(β=0.227),and distance to the nearest medical facility ex-524 Chinese Rural Health Service Administration,Jul 2025,Vol.45,No.7ceeding 5 kilometers(β=-0.158)are of utilization of health exammation sevuices in noral elderly the main in-fluencing factors(all P<0.05).Conclusions The population characteristics that benefit most from rural elderly health check-up services include those with chronic illnesses,living within 1 kilometer of the nearest medical facil-ity,regularly assessing their health through check-ups,having a belief in health maintenance,and a need for health examinations.
作者
尹帅霞
王先菊
司建平
Yin Shuaixia;Wang Xianju;Si Jianping(Department of Public Health,Zhengzhou Health College,Zhengzhou 450064,China)
出处
《中国农村卫生事业管理》
2025年第7期524-532,共9页
Chinese Rural Health Service Administration
基金
河南省哲学社会科学规划年度项目(2024BJJ069)
河南省软科学研究计划项目(242400410222)
河南省科技攻关项目(242102320176)。
作者简介
通信作者:王先菊,E-mail:253516927@qq.com。
