摘要
裂底撞击坑广泛分布于火星表面,是一类坑底发育有辐射状、环状或多边形断裂的特殊撞击地貌,也是连接行星表面与内部过程的重要地貌特征。本研究总结了火星裂底撞击坑的全球分布、形貌特征、演化历史以及成因机制等方面的研究进展,揭示了其对火星古气候环境以及天体生物学研究的指示意义。在此基础上,提出当前火星裂底撞击坑研究存在的问题,包括缺少统一的识别和分类标准、年代学研究缺乏精确约束、成因尚存争议等,认为未来应综合考虑火星裂底撞击坑的形貌学、矿物学以及地球物理特征,更好地解决其成因问题,为深入了解火星的地质过程与气候演变提供支持,并为未来火星宜居环境及生命的探寻提供线索。
Floor-fractured craters(FFCs),characterized by distinctive radial,concentric,or polygonal fracture patterns on their floors,represent a unique category of impact structures widely distributed across Mars.These geomorphological features provide critical insights into the interactions between Martian surface processes and subsurface dynamics.Over 421 identified FFCs are concentrated near the dichotomy boundary,including Arabia Terra,Xanthe-Margaritifer Terra,and volcanic provinces like Syrtis Major.This paper reviews the research progress on the research history,global distribution,morphological characteristics,chronology,and the formation mechanisms of floor-fractured craters.Morphologically,they are categorized into three types:(1)concentric/radial fractures,(2)hierarchical fractures and(3)chaotic terrains with fragmented blocks.These oringinal craters likely formed during the Noachian,with fractures developing later due to Hesperian-Amazonian volcanic,hydrological,or tectonic activity.Proposed formation mechanisms include magmatic uplift,subsurface ice collapse,groundwater migration,tensile stresses,and regional tectonics.FFCs preserve stratigraphic and mineralogical evidence of Mars'climatic shift from a wet Noachian to an arid Amazonian,while fractured floors in volcanic or hydrothermal zones may harbor habitable environment.It emphasizes the significance of these features for understanding the ancient climate and astrobiology on Mars.Building on this,the paper identifies existing issues in the study of Martian floor-fractured craters.Current challenges include ambiguous classification,limited chronological precision,and insufficient mineralogical-geophysical data integration.Future studies should prioritize high-resolution remote sensing,machine learning-aided mapping,and multidisciplinary approaches to unravel their formation history and astrobiological potential,ultimately advancing understanding of Martian geological and climatic evolution.This integrated approach will support a deeper understanding of Mars'geological processes and climatic evolution and provide clues for the future exploration of potential habitable environments and life on Mars.
作者
赵源
赵健楠
张恒
肖龙
ZHAO Yuan;ZHAO Jiannan;ZHANG Heng;XIAO Long(Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;School of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China)
出处
《第四纪研究》
北大核心
2025年第4期862-870,共9页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:42441839和42272274)
国家重点研发计划项目(批准号:2022YFF0504000)
湖北省自然科学基金项目(批准号:2024AFB692)共同资助。
关键词
火星
撞击作用
裂底撞击坑
古气候
宜居环境
Mars
impact process
floor-fractured crater
ancient climate
habitable environment
作者简介
第一作者:赵源,男,23岁,硕士研究生,地质学专业,E-mail:yuanzhao@cug.edu.cn;通讯作者:赵健楠:E-mail:jnzhao@cug.edu.cn。
