摘要
目的分析2016—2024年河南省内脏利什曼病流行病学特征,为制订适合当地的内脏利什曼病防治策略提供科学依据。方法收集并分析中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2016年1月1日至2024年12月31日终审的、现住址为河南省的内脏利什曼病病例相关资料及河南省监测资料。依据内脏利什曼病疫情现状、犬只感染情况、媒介白蛉分布和地形、地貌特征等因素,将河南省各县(市、区)的传播风险分层。采用描述性流行病学方法描述报告病例的地区、人群、时间分布等流行病学特征及病例诊治情况。结果2016—2024年共报告本地内脏利什曼病病例167例,病例分布在20个县(市、区)、66个乡镇的146个行政村,所有病例均位于丘陵地区。男女性别比为2.55∶1,平均年龄41.11岁,0~<5岁年龄组人数最多,占23.95%(40/167),病例职业以农民为主(52.69%),其次是散居儿童(22.75%);每月均有病例发病,以3和5月发病最多(21例)。病例发病-确诊中位时间为17.83 d,3.59%(6/167)的病例由外省医院诊断,郑州市的病例在本辖区诊断构成比最高,为97.18%(69/71)。报告本地病例的20个县(市、区)均发现中华白蛉,其中18个县(市、区)发现阳性犬只。林州市等20个县(市、区)为流行区;济源示范区等25个县(市、区)为高风险区。结论河南省内脏利什曼病流行态势处于快速上升,且流行范围逐渐扩大,传播风险较大。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in Henan Province from 2016 to 2024 so as to provide insights into the formulation of visceral leishmaniasis control strategy in the whole province.Methods All data of confirmed cases and Henan surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis with the current address located in Henan Province from January 1,2016 to December 31,2024,which were retrieved from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System,were analyzed.Based on the current epidemic status,canine infection prevalence,distribution of phlebotomine sandflies(Lutzomyia spp.),and geographic features including topography and landform characteristics,the levels of transmission risk among all counties(cities,districts)were divided in Henan Province.The epidemiological characteristics including spatial,demographic,temporal distribution patterns,and case diagnosis and treatment were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 167 local visceral leishmaniasis cases were reported in 20 counties(cities and districts)of Henan Province from 2016 to 2024.Among the 167 visceral leishmaniasis cases,the ratio of male to female was 2.55:1;the average age was 41.11 years;0-<5 years were the most commonly affected(23.95%);farmer was the most common occupation(52.69%),followed by scattered-residing children(22.75%);cases were reported each month throughout the year,with the peak in March and May(21 cases);the median duration from onset to diagnosis was 17.83 days;3.59%of cases were diagnosed in the hospitals out of the provinces;the proportion of cases diagnosed in local hospitals in Zhengzhou was the highest,which was 97.18%.Chinese sandflies were found in all 20 counties(cities,districts)reporting local cases,with 18 counties(cities,districts)reporting positive dogs.Linzhou county and 19 other counties were designated as epidemic areas;Jiyuan city and 24 other counties were designated as high-risk areas.Conclusions The prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis is rising rapidly,and the epidemic area is gradually expanding,with a high risk of transmission.
作者
刘颖
王丹
张红卫
钱丹
杨成运
贺志权
寇元静
鲁德岭
邓艳
LIU Ying;WANG Dan;HANG Hongwei;QIAN Dan;YANG Chengyun;HE Zhiquan;KOU Yuanjing;LU Deling;DENG Yan(Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control,Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhengzhou,Henan 450016,China;Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control;Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Parasitic Pathogens and Vector Medicine)
出处
《现代疾病预防控制》
2025年第7期487-492,共6页
MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
基金
河南省科技攻关项目(242102310214)
河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20230640)。
关键词
内脏利什曼病
流行病学特征
河南省
复燃
传播风险
Visceral leishmaniasis
Epidemiological characteristic
Henan Province
Re-emergence
Transmission risk
作者简介
刘颖,副主任医师,本科,主要从事寄生虫病防治和研究工作;通信作者:邓艳,E-mail:sunnydeng310@163.com。
