摘要
马铃薯脱毒种薯应用为解决种薯退化问题的最有效措施,提高脱毒种薯生产效率与应用率对中国马铃薯产业健康发展有着重要作用。在现有马铃薯脱毒种薯繁育体系基础上,对基质栽培条件下的试管苗移栽环节进行改进,以试管苗免扦插技术替代传统人工扦插技术,简化工艺流程以适宜机械化作业。采用‘华薯16号’‘华薯18号’脱毒试管苗为试验材料,以扦插处理为对照,设置不同免扦插种植密度和蛭石覆盖量处理,对移栽试管苗存活率、生长指标以及微型薯生产情况进行统计分析。免扦插存活率及生产试验结果显示,当蛭石覆盖量在400~600 g/m^(2)时,免扦插技术对移栽试管苗的存活情况、节间数以及微型薯生产无显著影响;种植密度为300株/m^(2)、400株/m^(2)时,免扦插处理试管苗存活率、生长指标以及收获产量与300株/m^(2)扦插对照处理无显著差异。免扦插技术具有可行性,降本增效同时保证微型薯的产量与质量,为微型薯产业进一步机械化提供新思路。
The application of virus-free seed potatoes represents the most effective measure to address the issue of seed potato degeneration,and enhancing the production efficiency and utilization rate of virus-free seed potatoes plays a crucial role in promoting the healthy development of China's potato industry.Building upon the existing virus-free seed potato propagation system,this study optimized the transplanting process of in vitro seedlings under substrate cultivation conditions by replacing traditional manual cutting technique with a no cutting technique,thereby simplifying the workflow and facilitating mechanized operations.Using virus-free in vitro seedlings of'Huashu 16'and'Huashu 18'as experimental materials,with cutting treatment as the control,different no cutting planting densities and vermiculite coverage levels were applied to statistically analyze the survival rate,growth index,and minituber production of the transplanted seedlings.The results of the survival rate and production tests of no cutting demonstarted that when vermiculite coverage ranged from 400 g/m^(2) to 600 g/m^(2),the no cutting technique exhibited no significant impact on the survival rate,internode number,or minituber production of the transplanted seedlings.At planting densities of 300 plants/m^(2) and 400 plants/m^(2),the survival rate,growth index,and yield of the no cutting treatment showed no significant differences compared to the cutting control at 300 plants/m^(2).The no cutting technology has considerable feasibility,reduces cost and increases efficiency while ensuring the yield and quality of minituber,and also provides new ideas for further mechanization of the minituber industry.
作者
李茜
吴玉卿
管宪宽
代梦瑶
邱以凤
李佳黛
蔡兴奎
LI Xi;WU Yuqing;GUAN Xiankuan;DAI Mengyao;QIU Yifeng;LI Jiadai;CAI Xingkui(College of Horticulture and Forestry,Huazhong Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China)
出处
《中国马铃薯》
2024年第6期474-481,共8页
Chinese Potato Journal
基金
国家马铃薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-09)
武汉市科技特派员产学研专项(2023110201030658)。
关键词
马铃薯
微型薯
免扦插技术
种植密度
potato
minituber
no cutting technology
planting density
作者简介
李茜(1999-),女,硕士研究生,从事马铃薯种薯繁育研究;通信作者:蔡兴奎,副教授,主要从事马铃薯种薯繁育与栽培生理研究,E-mail:caixingkui@mail.hzau.edu.cn。
