摘要
为探索适宜的玉米田除草剂减量施用措施,本试验从除草剂品种更新以及助剂减量两个角度,采用苗前土壤封闭处理和苗后茎叶喷雾处理设计8种玉米田除草方案,研究除草剂减量对杂草田间防效、玉米产量以及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,土壤封闭处理中,除草剂52%异丙草胺·莠去津悬乳剂和20%异噁唑草酮悬浮剂与对照药剂(40%乙·莠悬乳剂)防治效果相当,施药后28 d杂草鲜重防效均在85%以上。茎叶喷雾处理中,除草剂26%烟·莠可分散油悬浮剂(减量30%)+椰子油助剂、27%烟·硝·莠可分散油悬浮剂(减量30%)+椰子油助剂在施药后28 d的鲜重防效分别为87.45%、99.93%,且玉米产量与常量处理无明显差异;25%苯唑氟草酮·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂对杂草的鲜重防效达到最高,为95%以上。8种玉米田除草剂对土壤脲酶活性均表现为先抑制后恢复,对蔗糖酶活性均表现为先促进后恢复,且在21~28 d时可恢复至对照水平。52%异丙草胺·莠去津悬乳剂、20%异噁唑草酮悬浮剂和25%苯唑氟草酮·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂对杂草的防效较好,可以减少或代替乙草胺、莠去津等除草剂进行使用;26%烟·莠可分散油悬浮剂、27%烟·硝·莠可分散油悬浮剂添加椰子油助剂并减量30%可达到常量处理的防效,且增加了玉米产量。本研究结果为除草剂的科学合理使用及农田杂草的综合防治提供了参考。
To identify suitable herbicide reduction strategies in maize fields,eight weed control programs through herbicide innovation(new formulations)and dose reduction(with adjuvant mixing)were evaluated in this study by using the methods of pre-emergence soil application and post-seedling foliar spraying.The field efficiency of these programs was assessed based on weed control,maize yields and soil enzyme activity.The results of pre-emergence treatments showed that the herbicides 52%propisochlor suspension concentrate(SC)and 20%isoxaflutole SC demonstrated comparable weed control efficacy to the control treatment(40%acetochlor-atrazine suspoemulsion SE),with fresh weight inhibition rates exceeding 85%at 28 days after treatment(DAT).At 28 days after application,with no significant difference in maize yield compared to full-dose treatments.Additionally,25%topramezone·atrazine OD exhibited the highest weed control efficacy,exceeding 95%.As for the post-emergence treatments,26%nicosulfuron-atrazine OD(30%reduced dose)+coconut oil adjuvant and 27%nicosulfuron-mesotrione-atrazine OD(30%reduced dose)+coconut oil adjuvant achieved fresh weight inhibition rates of 87.45%and 99.93%,respectively,at the 28 DAT,with no significant yields difference in maize yield compared to full-dose treatments.25%benzobicyclon-atrazine OD showed the highest efficacy(>95%fresh weight reduction).The activities of soil urease were inhibited first and then restored in all the eight treatments,and sucrase activities were first promoted and then restored,and it could be restored to the level of control within 21-28 days.The treatments of 52%propisochlor suspension concentrate SC,20%isoxaflutole SC and 25%benzuofucaotong and atrazine OD showed better weed control,and are viable alternatives to conventional herbicides such as acetochlor,atrazine and other herbicides.Adjuvant-assisted 30%dose reductions of 26%nicosulfuron atrazine OD and 27%nicosulfuron mesotrione atrazine OD maintained weed control efficacy while increasing maize yield.This study provides a scientific basis for optimizing herbicide use and developing integrated weed management in maize fields.
作者
王禹薇
封英建
田振泽
所凤阅
马树杰
董利利
董金皋
张利辉
WANG Yuwei;FENG Yingjian;TIAN Zhenze;SUO Fengyue;MA Shujie;DONG Lili;DONG Jingao;ZHANG Lihui(College of Plant Protection,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071000)
出处
《核农学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期2049-2060,共12页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
河北省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(236Z6506G)
国家重点研发计划资助(2022YFD1901300)。
关键词
玉米田
除草剂
除草剂减量
土壤酶活性
cornfield
herbicide
herbicide reduction
soil enzyme activity
作者简介
王禹薇,女,主要从事天然产物农药研究。E-mail:wangyw0216@163.com;通讯作者:张利辉,女,教授,主要从事天然产物农药及杂草综合控制研究。E-mail:zhanglihui@hebau.edu.cn。
